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Chapter Two: Early Greece

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1 Chapter Two: Early Greece
Cultures and Values, 6th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

2

3 History of Early Greece
The Heroic Age The Age of Colonization The Archaic Period

4 [Image 2.1] Zeus (Poseidon?)

5 Homer and the Heroic Age
Significance of the Polis Religion, Mythology and Folklore Art & Literature vs. Prayer

6 The Iliad & The Odyssey “the Homeric question” Oral Tradition Iliad
Epithets, Elaborate Similes Iliad Theme of Human Responsibility Odyssey Return of the Epic Hero

7 Art and Society Painted Vases Amphoras
Protogeometric ( B.C.E.) Concentric circles, semi-circles Geometric ( B.C.E.) Linear designs, the meander Human Forms (~800 B.C.E.) Amphoras

8 Age of Colonization Prosperity of City-States
Competition, Image Wealth + Over-Population = Colonization Italy, Sicily, Egypt, Asia Minor Trade and Cultural Exposure Orientalizing

9 Visual Arts at Corinth and Athens
Corinthian Art Eastern Motifs Commercially Successful Athenian Art Narrative style (Myth, Daily Life) Trade Rivalry: Corinth vs. Athens

10 The Beginnings of Greek Sculpture
Near Eastern and Egyptian influences Kore, Kouros Increasing Realism, Naturalism Careful study of human anatomy Representation of Life and vigor

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14 Sculpture and Painting in the Archaic Period
Solon’s Legal Reformations Tyrants / Artistic Patronage Artistic Developments Freestanding Figures High & Low Relief Carvings The “Archaic Smile” Vase Painting Black- and Red-Figure Styles

15 [Image 2.9] Calf-Bearer

16 [Image 2.10] Peplos Kore

17 [Image 2.13] Kritios Boy

18 [Image 2.15] Euphronios, painter, Euxitheos, potter, red-figure calyx krater

19 Architecture: The Doric Order
Simple dignity No Base/20 flutes Capital Echinus, Abacus Entablature Architrave, frieze, triglyphs/metopes Cornice, Pediment

20 [Image 2.16] Basilica at Paestum

21 Architecture: The Ionic Order
Ornate, fanciful Tiered Base/24 flutes Capital Volutes 3-D Architraves Running Frieze

22 Music and Dance in Early Greece
Doctrine of Ethos (Musical Theory) Dorian, Phrygian modes Music=Primarily vocal Paean, dithyramb Instrumentation Cithera, aulos Significance of Narratives Music and Dance

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24 Literature and Philosophy
Hesiod Theogony, Works and Days Lyric verse vs. Heroic verse Sappho Presocratics Materialists, Pythagoreanism, Dualists, Atomists Herodotus (Father of History) Right over Might

25 Chapter 2: Discussion Questions
What significant differences exist between the cultures of the iron age and those of the bronze age? Explain. Consider the role of religion in Early Greece. What does Early Greek theology suggest about the concerns of the society? Explain. What were the causes for and the results of Greek colonization? Cite specific examples. Explain the new directions of art in the Archaic Period. What do these changes suggest about the culture that was producing and patronizing this art?

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