1. Musculoskeletal Flash Cards Upper Limb
Prepared by: Feng-Yen Li
Supervised by: Kim Topp

2. Introduction Useful tips for usage:
These flashcards are meant to help you learn the movements of the muscles. They are most useful when you see how the movements makes sense in relation to the origin and insertion points.
For exam purposes, you only need to know (memorize) the action, innervation, and arterial supply of each muscle. But Italicized = do not need to know for exam.
The purple slides are summary slides (if applicable) of subsequent muscles. Use these to learn the common properties of groups of muscles.
Information about each muscle is also listed in the notes section under each picture slide.
The titles in table of contents are hyperlinked its slide, but you need to go into presentation mode to use the hyperlinks.

3. Acknowledgements Special thanks go to:
Kim Topp for reviewing all the slides for validity.
Daniel Orjuela and Paul Teresi for taking the cadaver pictures.
UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassador Program for funding this project.
UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassadors and Mentors for offering useful suggestions.
Members of the UCSF Class of 2009 for inspiring and supporting me to do this project.

4. Useful Websites Here are other useful sites to learn the muscles:
(shows each muscle in isolation)
(has many nicely labeled cadaver pictures)

5. Table of Contents Anterior Arm Posterior Arm Anterior Forearm
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Posterior Arm
Triceps Brachii
Anterior Forearm
Superficial Muscles
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Palmaris Longis
Deep Muscles
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Posterior Forearm
Superficial Muscles
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Brachioradialis
Deep Muscles
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
Supinator
The Hand
Thenar Eminence
Hypothenar Eminence
Adductor Pollicis
Palmar Interossei
Dorsal Interossei

6. Anterior Arm
Action Flex the forearm at elbow joint (except coracobrachialis)
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

7. Coracobrachialis Origin Insertion Origin coracoid process
Insertion Humerus
Action flex and adduct arm
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery
Insertion

8. Coracobrachialis Origin coracoid process Insertion Humerus
Action flex and adduct arm
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

9. Biceps Brachii Origin Insertion
Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion Radius
Action Supinates + flexes (when supine) forearm
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 )
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery
Insertion

10. Biceps Brachii Origin Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion Radius
Action Supinates + flexes (when supine) forearm
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 )
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

11. Brachialis Origin Insertion Origin Humerus Insertion Ulna
Action Major flexor of forearm
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery, recurrent radial artery
Insertion

12. Brachialis Origin Humerus Insertion Ulna
Action Major flexor of forearm
Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6)
Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery, recurrent radial artery

13. Posterior Arm Action Extend the forearm at elbow joint
Innervation Radial nerve
Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery

14. Triceps Brachii Origin Insertion Long head: scapula
Medial + Lateral heads: posterior surface of humerus
Insertion Olecranon process of ulna
Action Chief extensor of forearm
Innervation Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8)
Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery
Insertion

15. Triceps Brachii Origin Long head: scapula
Medial + Lateral heads: posterior surface of humerus
Insertion Olecranon process of ulna
Action Chief extensor of forearm
Innervation Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8)
Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery

16. Anterior Forearm
Action Pronate the forearm, flex the wrist, and flex the digits
Innervation Median and ulnar nerves

17. Superficial Muscles Origin Medial epicondyle
Innervation Median nerves (except flexor carpi ulnaris)
Artery Supply Ulna artery (except flexor carpi radialis)

18. Pronator Teres Origin Insertion
Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Radius
Action Pronates and flexes forearm
Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery
Insertion

19. Pronator Teres Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Radius
Action Pronates and flexes forearm
Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

20. Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin Insertion
Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion 2nd metacarpal
Action Flexes the wrist
Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Radial artery

21. Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion 2nd metacarpal
Action Flexes the wrist
Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Radial artery

22. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin Insertion
Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Pisiform bone, hamate bone, + 5th metacarpal
Action Flexes the wrist
Innervation Ulnar nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery
Insertion

23. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Pisiform bone, hamate bone, + 5th metacarpal
Action Flexes the wrist
Innervation Ulnar nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

24. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin
Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna
Insertion middle phalanges of digits 2 – 5
Action Flexes digits 2-5 (not at distal interphalangeal joint)
Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery
Insertion

25. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna
Insertion middle phalanges of digits 2 – 5
Action Flexes digits 2-5 (not at distal interphalangeal joint)
Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

26. Palmaris Longus Origin Insertion
Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna
Insertion Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Action Flexes wrist
Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery
Insertion

27. Palmaris Longus Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna
Insertion Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Action Flexes wrist
Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

28. Deep Muscles Origin Radius and Ulna
Innervation Mostly median nerve (C8 and T1)
Artery Supply Mostly anterior interosseous artery

29. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin
Origin Ulna
Insertion distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5
Action Flexes phalanges 2-5 at distal interphalangeal joint
Innervation
Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Lateral part: median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries
Insertion

30. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin Ulna
Insertion distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5
Action Flexes phalanges 2-5 at distal interphalangeal joint
Innervation
Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Lateral part: median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries

31. Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Origin Radius
Insertion distal phalanx of thumb
Action Flexes thumb
Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

32. Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin Radius
Insertion distal phalanx of thumb
Action Flexes thumb
Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

33. Pronator Quadratus Insertion Origin Origin Ulna Insertion Radius
Action Pronates forearm
Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

34. Pronator Quadratus Origin Ulna Insertion Radius
Action Pronates forearm
Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

35. Posterior Forearm
Action Supinate the forearm, extend the wrist, and extend the digits
Innervation Radial nerve

36. Superficial Muscles Origin Lateral epicondyle or humerus
Innervation Mostly radial nerve
Artery Supply Mostly Radial artery

37. Extensor Digitorum Origin Insertion Origin Lateral epicondyle
Insertion Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Action Extends metacarpophalangeal joints + wrist joint
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous arteries
Insertion

38. Extensor Digitorum Origin Lateral epicondyle
Insertion Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Action Extends metacarpophalangeal joints + wrist joint
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous arteries

39. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Origin Lateral epicondyle
Insertion 5th metacarpal
Action Extends and adducts wrist joint
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8); deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

40. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin Lateral epicondyle
Insertion 5th metacarpal
Action Extends and adducts wrist joint
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8); deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

41. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin
Origin Humerus
Insertion 2nd metacarpal
Action Extends hand at wrist joint
Innervation Radial nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Radial artery
Insertion

42. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin Humerus
Insertion 2nd metacarpal
Action Extends hand at wrist joint
Innervation Radial nerve (C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Radial artery

43. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin
Origin Lateral epicondyle
Insertion 3rd metacarpal
Action Extends hand at wrist joint
Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8)
Arterial Supply Radial artery
Insertion

44. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin Lateral epicondyle
Insertion 3rd metacarpal
Action Extends hand at wrist joint
Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8)
Arterial Supply Radial artery

45. Brachioradialis Origin Insertion Origin Humerus Insertion Radius
Action Flexes forearm
Innervation Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Radial recurrent artery

46. Brachioradialis Origin Humerus Insertion Radius Action Flexes forearm
Innervation Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
Arterial Supply Radial recurrent artery

47. Deep Muscles
Origin Ulna and interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
Innervation Mostly deep branch of radial nerve
Artery Supply (posterior) interosseous artery

48. Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Origin Ulna
Insertion 1st metacarpal
Action Abducts thumb
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

49. Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin Ulna
Insertion 1st metacarpal
Action Abducts thumb
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

50. Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Origin Ulna
Insertion Distal phalanx of thumb
Action Extends thumb
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

51. Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin Ulna
Insertion Distal phalanx of thumb
Action Extends thumb
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

52. Extensor Indicis Insertion Origin Origin Ulna Insertion 2nd digit
Action Extends 2nd digit
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

53. Extensor Indicis Origin Ulna Insertion 2nd digit
Action Extends 2nd digit
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

54. Supinator Origin Insertion Origin Lateral epicondyle, ulna
Insertion Radius
Action Supinates forearm
Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C5, C6)
Arterial Supply Recurrent interosseous artery

55. Supinator Origin Lateral epicondyle, ulna Insertion Radius
Action Supinates forearm
Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C5, C6)
Arterial Supply Recurrent interosseous artery

56. The Hand Innervation Mostly ulnar nerve (except thenar eminence)
Palmar Aponeurosis
Carpal Tunnel (Median nerve, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus; transverse carpal ligament)
Osseofibrous tunnels
Extensor expansion

57. Thenar Eminence
Muscles Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the thumb
Innervation Recurrent branches of median nerve

58. Thenar Eminence
Muscles Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the thumb
Innervation Recurrent branches of median nerve

59. Hypothenar Eminence
Muscles Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi
Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the little finger
Innervation Ulnar nerve

60. Hypothenar Eminence
Muscles Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi
Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the little finger
Innervation Ulnar nerve

61. Adductor Pollicis Insertion Origin Origin 3rd metacarpal
Insertion Proximal phalanx of thumb
Action Adducts thumb
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Deep palmar arterial arch

62. Adductor Pollicis Origin 3rd metacarpal
Insertion Proximal phalanx of thumb
Action Adducts thumb
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Deep palmar arterial arch

63. Palmar Interossei Origin Insertion
Origin Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5
Action Adduct digits toward axial line along 3rd digit
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Palmar metacarpal arteries
Insertion

64. Palmar Interossei
Origin Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5
Action Adduct digits toward axial line along 3rd digit
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Palmar metacarpal arteries

65. Dorsal Interossei Origin Insertion
Origin Adjacent sides of two metacarpals
Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 3 and 4
Action Abduct digits away from axial line along 3rd digit
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries
Insertion

66. Dorsal Interossei Origin Adjacent sides of two metacarpals
Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 3 and 4
Action Abduct digits away from axial line along 3rd digit
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries