1. Organic Manure : An Overview

2. Organic manure is defined as the product resulting from thecontrolled biological decomposition of organic matter. Manure can be prepared from :  yard trimmings  bio-solids (sewage sludge)  wood by-products  animals manures  crop residues  biodegradable packing  food scraps Organic Manure : An Overview Introduction

3. Characteristics of Organic Matter Organic matter is the key constituent of cultivated soils. It has profound influence on the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soil. Organic Manure : An Overview

4. Chemical Composition of Organic Matter Organic Manure : An Overview Miscellaneous substances like antibiotics, auxins, vitamins, enzymes and pigments Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, hemi- cellulose, pectins gums, mucilages, etc.) Proteins, amino acids, amines, etc. Fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc.Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc. LigninsCompounds containing ring structure (phenol, tennis, hydrocarbon) Alkaloids and compounds with organic base- pyrimidine and purines

5. Nutritive Elements in different Organic Matters Organic matterNutritive elements(%) NPK Cow dung manure2.50.20.5 Compost urban1.81.01.4 Compost rural0.50.150.5 Night soil5.54.02.0 Groundnut cake7.32.52.0 Castor cake4.32.42.3 Neem cake5.21.01.8 sludge3.54.00.6 Organic Manure : An Overview

6. Major sources of organic matter There are mainly three types of Organic Matter 1. Livestock and human waste 2. Farmyard manure 3. Poultry manure 1. Byproduct of agro -waste industries 2. Industrial waste material 3. Sugar factory waste 4. Oil cake and bio gas slurry 1. Plants waste 2. Crop residue 3. Tree residue and aquatic weeds 4. Urban and rural waste 5. Sewage sludge

7. Organic matterOrganic manure Biological oxidation Animal manure Green manure Conversion of organic matter into organic manure Through biological oxidation organic matter convert into manure which may be two type by their origin Organic Manure : An Overview Click here

8. Animal manure Animal manure Farm yard manure (FYM)Farm slurry or Liquid manure ( Agricultural manure in liquid form known as slurry Manure formed of cattle excreta mixed with straw, used as a fertilizer Click here Organic Manure : An Overview

9. A. Farm Yard Manure A. Farm Yard Manure Farm Yard Manure can be prepared by :  Cow dung,  Cow urine,  Waste straw and  Dairy waste, etc. NEXT Organic Manure : An Overview

10. Cow dung Manure This is a type of Farm Yard Manure Cow manure is rich in humus, the bulky and fibrous material that comes from undigested plant matter. Cow manure is composted by putting it into a bin or pile and letting it decompose It contains about 3 percent nitrogen, 2 percent phosphorous, and 1 percent potassium NEXT Organic Manure : An Overview

11. Method of preparation of FYM Dig a pit (4×6×10) near cattle shed above the level of soil. Spread the excavated soil on the surface. Fill the pit with grass and other material of cake shed and soil upto 10-15cm. Spread cow dung manure up to 15-20 cm leave it for one to two month. NEXT Organic Manure : An Overview

12. Nutrient concentration in FYM Nitrogen 0.5 0.5 Phosphorus 0.25 0.25 Potassium 0.40 0.40 Calcium 0.08 0.08 Sulfur 0.02 0.02 Zinc 0.004 0.004 Copper 0.0003 0.0003 Manganese 0.007 0.007 iron 0.45 0.45 Elements Value (%) Click here to go back at slide no 8 Organic Manure : An Overview

13. Click here to go back at slide 8 B. Farm Slurry A mixture of water and animal waste used as fertilizer. Farm slurry is produced at dairy farm at larger scale in rainy season. It is highly nutritive for the plants. Organic Manure : An Overview

14. 2. Green Manures Green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil. They are grown for the purpose of plowing them, thus increasing fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the soil. Organic Manure : An Overview

15. Benefits of Green Manure Crops Green manure crops provide a habitat for pollinators and other beneficial insects. Click here to go back Organic Manure : An Overview Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to farm nitrogen needs. It protect and enhance the soil’s biological activity by providing nutrition for the soil organism. It aerates the soil, consequently improving the soil structure. Green manure crops cover the soil in between successive grain crops, thus protecting the soil against wind and water erosion. Green manure crops reduce soil compaction.