1. FRST 532 COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM, GLOBAL CHANGE SCIENCE AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Presentation paper Forest response to climate change in the NorthWestern United States: Ecophysiological Foundations for Adaptive Management. Churma DJ et al., 2011

2. OUTLINE  What is Climate Change?  Climate change Impacts in NW US  Impacts of Climate change in forest  What is Adaptive Management  Forest response to climate change  Questions

3.  What is Climate change? Climate change is the modification of climate parameters during a minimum period of 30 years due to human activities and to the natural evolution of the earth climate.

5. Climate change resulting from increased concentration of atmospheric CO2 is expected to result in warmer temperatures and changed precipitation regime in this century.

6. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are going to be felt ecologically, economically, and socially. All of these impacts are interlinked.

7.  Climate change impacts in the NW US In the NorthWestern US, these climate change will -Decrease snowpack, cause snowmelt; :

8. -Increase summer evapotranspiration;

9. -Increase the frequency and the severity of droughts;

10. -Predispose forest to disturbance by wildfire, insect and disease; a-Fire b-Insects

11. -Change forest structure and composition at the landscape scale;

12. -Affect flowering and seed germination for some species - change species composition in forest…

13.  Impacts of climate change on trees and forest in the NW US Climate change effectsImpacts on forest Elevated CO2Influence tree growth, reproduction and mortality (Bad effect on physiological processes of photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration) Elevated temperaturesBiogeochemical plant cycle Precipitations ( future projection are les certain) Physical damage to plant and soil through mechanical stresses, Physiological injuries. DroughtsTree growth( during low severity drought, root growth decrease) Climate change will bring changes in natural forest disturbance Forest fire regimes in NW US are strongly related to climate

14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pE 7N30pEFuA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT zRh-kRP8khttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pE 7N30pEFuA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT zRh-kRP8k( cameroon climate change) Short video on climate change in NW US ( 15’)

15. Forest response to climate change depends on the magnitude of the changes and on the ability of individual trees to acclimate and for trees population to adapt in situ, or to migrate to suitable habitats. Population of trees may cope with new climate by acclimating, migrating to new locations or evolving in place. ‘ if they cannot cope, they will disappear from their ecosystem’ In one word forest response depends on Ecophysiological aptitude of trees species to cope with the new climatic and biotic environment.  Forest response to climate change

16. In order to help natural Forest response to climate change, Genetic and silvicultural approaches to increase adaptive capacities and to decrease climate-related vulnerabilities of forest should be based on ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL knowledge.

17. Plant ECOPHYSIOLOGY study the physiology of plant, deal with the impact of biotic ( insects…) and abiotic( climate…) factors on plant functioning and physiological adaptation to the environment. Ecophysiology integrate the present knowledge on the impact of the environment on plant functioning and adaptation at various levels: from the molecular, biochemical and physiological to a whole plant level.

18. Ecophysiology processes are the foundation of acclimation and evolutionary adaptation to climate change. The proper way to integrate Ecophysiology processes is through. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT

19. ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT is a form of structured decision making with an emphasis to the value of reducing uncertainties over the time to improve management.

20. it is also a systematic management paradigm that assumes natural resource management policies and actions are not static, but are adjusted based on the combination of new scientific and socio- economic information and on ecophysiology.

21. Adaptive Management which Include forest Ecophysiological Processes Finally, natural forest response is not enough to face climate change impacts. This natural response should be supply by an

22. THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

23.  Questions -Sustainable Forest Management ( SFM ) / -Sustainable Adaptive Management for Forest (‘SAMF’). Which one is suitable for a better forest response to climate change? -Do scientist are able to modify ecophysiolocal processes of all forest species on the earth for their better adaptation to climate change?