1. CLASSIFICATION Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related

2. FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
Moneran
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
No nucleus
Have cell wall
Unicellular
Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Protist
Protozoans, algae
Eukaryotic
Have nucleus
Some have cell wall
Mainly unicellular
Fungi
Mushroom, yeast
Mainly multicellular
heterotrophic
Plant
Moss, fern, trees, flowers
All multicellular
autotrophic
Animal
Sponge, annelids, amphibians, birds, mammals
No cell wall

3. Dichotomous key Always begin with #1
Follow directions using choices given
What shape is “Gina”?
Equilateral triangle

4. Types of Plants Bryophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Non-vascular
No xylem or phloem
Examples are mosses
They are small
Have to be near water
No pollen, seeds, flowers, or fruits
Gymnosperms
Vascular
Xylem to move water
Phloem to move food
Examples are conifers
Have pollen (sperm)
Have seeds on cones
No fruits or flowers
Angiosperms
Examples are flowering plants like oak trees, corn, and roses
Have seeds in fruits
Have flowers

5. PLANT ADAPTATIONS Root, stem, Leaf Flowers and Fruits
Roots are adapted to absorb water with root hairs
Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis by being flat and green
Stems move water with xylem
Flowers have bright petals to attract pollinators
Pollen (Sperm) can be transferred by animals
When egg joins with pollen, a seed is formed in the ovary
The ovary becomes the fruit
Fruit surrounds and protects seed
Fruit also helps get baby plants in seeds away from parent plant

6. TYPES OF ANIMALS Annelids Insects Amphibians Mammals Segmented worms
No backbone
“breathe” through skin
Closed circulatory system
External fertilization
External development
Insects
No backbome
Three body segments
Six legs
Wings
Open circulatory system
Females may store sperm
metamorphosis
Amphibians
Have backbone
Moist skin
Gills when young, lungs when adult
Three chambered heart
Cold-blooded
Metamorphosils
Jelly like egg
Mammals
Backbone
Hair
Milk glands
Lungs
Four chambered heart
Warm-blooded
Internal fertilization
Internal development
Amniote egg

7. Disease causing viruses
VIRUS STRUCTURE
Viral reproduction
A virus is not made of cells
It is nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (Capsid)
Virus can’t reproduce unless it is inside a living cell
The virus uses the cells enzymes and ribosomes to make DNA and protein
New viruses either bud off of the cell or the cell bursts, releasing lots of viruses

8. BACTERIA vs VIRUSES Bacteria Virus Made of cells
Can be killed by antibiotics
Examples of disease caused by bacteria is strep throat
Not made of cells
MUCH SMALLER THAN CELLS
Can’t be killed by antibiotics
Example of diseases caused by viruses are AIDS (HIV), Smallpox, Influenza

9. Internal and external factors in disease
Malaria
Mosquitoes transmit malaria
Individuals who have the sickle cell trait (heterozygous) aren’t as affected as homozygous individuals
PKU
Individuals who have PKU can’t break down phenylalanine
If it builds up it can cause mental retardation
Keep individuals with
PKU on a diet, they don’t have brain damage
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs
Individuals who smoke are more likely to get lung cancer
Diabetes
Diabetes results from when the pancreas fails to make enough insulin
Individuals who are overweight and who don’t exercise seem to be more affected
Skin Cancer
Light skinned people don’t have the natural melanin protection of darker skinned people
Overexposure to sunlight can trigger the changes that lead to skin cancer

10. IMMUNITY B-cells White blood cell Make antibodies T- helper cells
Help coordinate immune response
T-killer cells
Kill virus infected cell

11. PASSIVE vs. ACTIVE immunity
Passive immunity
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Person does NOT make memory cells or antibodies
Antibodies only are transferred
Doesn’t provide long-term protection
Natural: from breastfeeding
Artificial: Rabies “shot”
Person DOES make antibodies AND memory cells
Provides long term immunity
Natural: you have disease
Artificial – you get a VACCINATION