1. Raise the Floor & Build Ladders: Workforce development that works for all Raise the Floor, Build the Ladder: Good Jobs for New Mexico’s Workforce April, 28 2015 Maureen Conway

2. Why do we need Build Ladders and Raise the Floor Strategies? 1.Education and skills are important 2.Education and training are not everything 3.Different industry sectors present different challenges and opportunities 4.Tools beyond training are needed to address the challenge of low-wage work

3. Education is important…

4. … and we’re making progress

5. Unemployment Rate for Blacks and Whites aged 25 and older, by Educational Attainment, 2011 Annual Average Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, http://www.dol.gov/_sec/media/reports/blacklaborforce / But education isn’t everything …

6. Productivity growth and real hourly compensation growth, nonfarm business sector, selected periods, 1947–2009 Source: Fleck, Monthly Labor Review, 2011 (BLS data) … and the return to skills is variable

7. Demand for Credentials is growing, even if they aren’t always needed… % job holders with Bachelors %job openings requiring Bachelors Credential Gap First-line supervisors of production and operating workers17%62%45% First-line supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers14%48%34% First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers12%33%21% First line supervisors of food workers15%36%21% Source: Moving the Goalposts: How Demand for a Bachelor’s Degree is Reshaping the Workforce www.burning-glass.com Credential Gap in Front Line Management

8. In 2013, 20.6% of adults (between 24 and 65) worked in jobs that paid $11.27/hr or less (threshold for 125% of poverty, family of 3) and 30.8% earned $13.53/hr or less (150% of poverty) 49% have at least 1 child under 18 in HH 35.8% of women (v. 26.2% of men) are low-wage workers 49% of Hispanic, 41.5% of black and 24.1 of non- Hispanic white workers are low-wage … but demand for low-wage workers has not abated.

10. Distribution of low-wage work by industry, 2013 Only those industries which account for 3 percent or more of sub-standard employment are included

11. Company started in 2014 with backing from Coca-Cola Start a company that solves a biz problem Offers businesses way to fill short-term immediate need Founded in 2012 with $13 million in venture capital Platform for consumers to hire short term help In both cases… Unpredictable hours; unstable incomes Competition keeps wages low; No benefits

12. Substantial proportion of f.t. jobs Benefits—vacation, health, retirement Ownership options Predictable schedules Cross-training Satisfied customers: “I LOVE Quick Trips. They are clean and fast. The Cashiers are friendly. There is fresh window cleaner. The inside of the store is clean. it's CHEAP.”

13. Wages Benefits Safety Supervision Schedule Respect Communication Transportation Job Design Legal Skill Building Job Experience Raise the Floor and Build the Ladder

14. Raise the Floor Strategies StrategyApproachExamples PersuadeAppeal to biz self interest to improve design of jobs The SOURCE Manufacturing Works RegulateChange public policies to create a competitive playing field that encourages job quality IAF ROC School of Labor & Emp. Relations; UI- Urbana CreateDevelop model business that highlights job quality issues and shows viability of better jobs; use as platform to influence public and private decision making CHCA/PHI Primavera Works

15. Example: Coaching & consulting for eldercare and disability service providers Training & support for direct-care workers and those they assist. Promoting policies to strengthen the direct care workforce Strong base of experience

16. Industrial Areas Foundation: Faith Democracy Leadership Impact Relationships COPS/Metro Economic development that includes Community

17. Final Thoughts One organization doesn’t have to do everything – Partnerships / relationships essential No one model – Variety of factors influence strategy Leadership and innovation critical – Nascent field—experimentation needed Can’t make change unless we’re willing to change – Courage required to question conventional wisdom, pose tough questions & try something new

18. Maureen Conway Executive Director, Economic Opportunities Program The Aspen Institute Maureen.conway@aspeninst.org @conway_maureen 18