1. Intro to Genetics

2. CATALYST 1.Which traits do you think come from your DNA? Why? 2. Which traits do you think come from your environment? Why? Brown eyes Fast Runner Blue eyes Normal Vision Near Sightedness Dark hair Hardworking Straight Hair Widow’s peak Dimples Attached earlobes Freckles Pierced Ears Allergies Tongue-rolling

3. GREGOR MENDEL 3 http://science.discovery.com/video s/100-greatest-discoveries-shorts- genetics.html What do you know?

4. What is a gene? 4

5. GREGOR MENDEL 5 You inherit2copies of every gene, one from eachPARENT gamete Each copy is called anALLELE In most cases, each gene has a DOMINANT &RECESSIVE allele possibility

6. GREGOR MENDEL 6 These alleles (GENES) determine what proteins get made/expressed (TRAITS) Gene alleles are inherited INDEPENDENTLY of other genes. Example: Just because you inherited Brown hair, does not mean you will have brown eyes

7. VOCABULARY GENOTYPE VS. PHENOTYPE Genotype: the genes that make up your body; the “type of genes” you have Example: AA, Aa, aa, RR, Rr, rr Phenotype: what we look like; our physical appearance Example: Brown hair, blue eyes, tall height

8. VOCABULARY 8 Brown hair.

9. VOCABULARY 9 Bb.

10. VOCABULARY 10 Small hands.

11. VOCABULARY 11 ss

12. DOMINANT VS. RECESSIVE Genes are what you INHERIT from each PARENT. Every gene will have two forms or alleles, DOMINANT or RECESSIVE. DOMINANT: the allele that shows up, or can be seen is dominant. STRONG Written as: CAPITAL LETTERS Example: R, S, T, Q, M, N, D RECESSIVE: the allele that is seen only when both alleles are recessive. WEAK. Written as: LOWER-CASE LETTERS Example: r, s, t, q, m, n, d If the trait for “big nose” is the dominant trait, use “B” to represent the dominant allele. If the trait “small nose” is the recessive trait, use “b” to represent the recessive allele. Don’t change the LETTER, just the capitalization!!!! Only 1 dominant allele must be inherited for the dominant trait to be expressed (show up) Example: BB or Bb 2 recessive alleles must be inherited for a recessive trait to be expressed (show up) Example: bb NN = __________________ Nn= __________________ nn= __________________ DOMINANT RECESSIVE

13. DOMINANT VS. RECESSIVE

14. VOCABULARY 14 GENOTYPE VS. PHENOTYPE

15. VOCABULARY 15 Dominant or Recessive? T

16. VOCABULARY 16 Dominant or Recessive? k

17. VOCABULARY 17 Dominant or Recessive? L

18. HOMOZYGOUS VS. HETEROZYGOUS HOMOZYGOUS: both letters (alleles) are the SAME HOMO- : same Example: BB, RR, mm, LL, hh, TT, dd HETEROZYGOUS: each letter is DIFFERENT or MIXED HETERO- : different or mixed Example: Hh, Bb, Rr, Tt, Ll, Kk Ss, Gg There are 3 combinations of alleles (genotypes): 1. Homozygous Dominant (DD) Phenotype = Dominant 2. Heterozygous (Dd)Phenotype = Dominant 3. Homozygous Recessive (dd) Phenotype = Recessive Additional Terms: Homozygous= True/Pure Breeding Heterozygous = Hybrid

19. VOCABULARY 19 Heterozygous Homozygous Dominant Homozygous Recessive

20. VOCABULARY 20 HH

21. VOCABULARY 21 Dd

22. VOCABULARY 22 dd

23. VOCABULARY 23 Oo

24. GREEN YELLOW HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE HETEROZYGOUS

25. TT Tt ttSHORT TALL HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE HETEROZYGOUS T t

26. ___ :Wrinkled ___: Smooth W w WW Ww ww WRINKLED SMOOTH HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT HETEROZYGOUS HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE

27. HD HE HR HE HR HE HR

28. PURPLE WHITE BROWN BLUE ROUND WRINKLED LONGTAIL BOBTAIL

29. SS Ss ss PP Pp pp

30. Small Eyes Normal Teeth Freckles Gentoype = Tt (Heterozygous) Phenotype = Normal Teeth Gentoype = ff ( Homozygous Recessive ) Phenotype = Freckles