1. Population Aging in the CIS Countries at the Junction of Demographic, Political, Economic and Social Transitions Almaty, Kazakhstan October 31 – November 1, 2013 1 Nikolai Botev UNFPA Старение населения в странах СНГ на стыке демографического, политического, экономического и социального переходов Social Pillar of Migration and Development

2. 2 1. The Impact of Migration on Population composition 2. The Impact of Migration on Living Conditions and Poverty 3. The Impact of Migration on Literacy and Education 4. The Impact of Migration on Health 5. Gender Dimensions of Migration Presentation outline

3. 3 Emigration and natural decrease Source: UN Estimates and Projections (2012 rev.)

4. N. Botev - Minsk (May 2008) 4 Migration and Population Dynamics: EFFECT ON POPULATION GROWTH

5. N. Botev - Minsk (May 2008) 5 Migration and Population Dynamics: EFFECT ON POPULATION GROWTH

6. 6 age pyramids, 2010 Source: EuroStat online database Disordered cohort flows Russian Federation Ukraine Armenia

7. N. Botev - Minsk (May 2008) 7 Migration and Population Dynamics: EFFECT ON POPULATION STRUCTURES SOURCE: Rogers and Castro 1981 pre-labor force component labor force component post-labor force component

8. 8 1. The Impact of Migration on Population composition 2. The Impact of Migration on Living Conditions and Poverty 3. The Impact of Migration on Literacy and Education 4. The Impact of Migration on Health 5. Gender Dimensions of Migration Presentation outline

9. N. Botev - Minsk (May 2008) 9 Migration and Development: THE ROLE OF REMITTANCES

10. 10 Role of remittances in poverty alleviation Source: National Statistical Committee, Kyrgyz Republic.

11. Human Development report 2009

12. 12 1. The Impact of Migration on Population composition 2. The Impact of Migration on Living Conditions and Poverty 3. The Impact of Migration on Literacy and Education 4. The Impact of Migration on Health 5. Gender Dimensions of Migration Presentation outline

13. N. Botev - Minsk (May 2008) 13 Migration and Development: THE “BRAIN DRAIN”/”BRAIN GAIN”

14. 14 Migration and Development: THE “BRAIN DRAIN”/”BRAIN GAIN”

15. The impact of parents’ migration on children’s education (country of origin-Tajikistan) Sourse: Impact of Labour Migration on “Children Left Behind” in Tajikistan, November 2011, UNICEF, Oxford policy management

16. The impact of parents’ migration on children’s education (country of origin-Tajikistan)

17. 17 1. The Impact of Migration on Population composition 2. The Impact of Migration on Living Conditions and Poverty 3. The Impact of Migration on Literacy and Education 4. The Impact of Migration on Health 5. Gender Dimensions of Migration Presentation outline

18. Barriers to health services arise due to financial constraints as well as status, cultural and language differences Source: Human Development report 2009 Temporary and irregular migrants often lack access to Health Care Service Access to health care by migrant status in developed vs developing countries (2009)

19. Report from DFID funded UN Women regional project on social integration of labor migrants in Russia How do migrants and their children get medical services

20. 20 1. The Impact of Migration on Population composition 2. The Impact of Migration on Living Conditions and Poverty 3. The Impact of Migration on Literacy and Education 4. The Impact of Migration on Health 5. Gender Dimensions of Migration Presentation outline

21. Report from UNWomen regional project “Gender and Democratic governance- access of women to essential services Tajikistan”, 2012, Dushanbe Елена Мезенцева, Высшая Школа Экономики, 2012 Gender Profile of the external work migration, depending on duration (Tajikistan)

22. Division of the external work migrants by types of labor

23. Share of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender; regional averages, 2007-2010 Source: UNODC elaboration on national data 23% 58% 59% 67% 77% 79% 77% 42% 41% 33% 23% 21% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Eastern Europe and Central Asia Northern and South America Asia World Western and Central Europe Africa and Arab States Men Women

24. Forms of exploitation, shares of the total number of detected victims, by region, 2007-2010 Source: UNODC elaboration on national data

25. 25 Migration and Development: ABOUT THE DOG AND THE TAIL Ron Skledon (2008) cautions “against essentializing migration and placing too great a responsibility upon migrant agency at the expense of the institutional change necessary to bring about development.... Planning for migration as an outcome rather than a cause of development is likely to provide a more balanced policy approach.” “The migration tail is beginning to wag the development dog”

26. THE END 26 Thank you for your attention!