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PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Leslie Hendon, University of Alabama, Birmingham HUMAN ANATOMY fifth edition MARIEB | MALLATT | WILHELM 8 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones, Part 1: The Appendicular Skeleton PART 1
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Attaches the upper limbs to the trunk Pelvic girdle Attaches the lower limbs to the trunk Upper and lower limbs differ in function Share the same structural plan
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Pectoral Girdle Consists of the clavicle and the scapula Pectoral girdles do not quite encircle the body completely Medial end of each clavicle articulates with the manubrium and first rib Laterally – the ends of the clavicles join the scapulae Scapulae do not join each other or the axial skeleton
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Pectoral Girdle Provides attachment for many muscles that move the upper limb Girdle is very light and upper limbs are mobile Only clavicle articulates with the axial skeleton Socket of the shoulder joint (glenoid cavity) is shallow Good for flexibility – bad for stability
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Articulated Pectoral Girdle Figure 8.1a PLAY Shoulder
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clavicles Extend horizontally across the superior thorax Sternal end articulates with the manubrium Acromial end articulates with scapula
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clavicles Figure 8.1b, c
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PLAY Shoulder Clavicles Provide attachment for muscles Hold the scapulae and arms laterally Transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scapulae Lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage Located between ribs 2 – 7 Have three borders Superior Medial (vertebral) Lateral (axillary) Have three angles Lateral, superior, and inferior
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures of the Scapula Figure 8.2a
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures of the Scapula Figure 8.2b
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures of the Scapula Figure 8.2c
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Upper Limb 30 bones form each upper limb Grouped into bones of the Arm Forearm Hand
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arm Region of the upper limb between the shoulder and elbow Humerus The only bone of the arm Longest and strongest bone of the upper limb Articulates with the scapula at the shoulder Articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arm Humerus Many structures of the humerus provide sites for muscle attachment Other structures of the humerus provide articulation sites for other bones
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures of the Humerus of the Right Arm Figure 8.3a, b
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forearm Formed from the radius and ulna Proximal ends articulate with the humerus Distal ends articulate with carpals PLAY Elbow
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forearm Radius and ulna articulate with each other At the proximal and distal radioulnar joints The interosseous membrane Interconnects radius and ulna In anatomical position The radius is lateral and the ulna is medial
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Details of Arm and Forearm Figure 8.5a
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ulna Main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus Hinge joint allows forearm to bend on arm Distal end is separated from carpals by fibrocartilage Plays little to no role in hand movement
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Proximal Part of the Ulna Figure 8.5b
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Radius and Ulna Figure 8.4a, b
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Radius Superior surface of the head of the radius articulates with the capitulum Medially – the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna Contributes heavily to the wrist joint Distal radius articulates with carpal bones When radius moves, the hand moves with it
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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Distal Ends of the Radius and Ulna Figure 8.5c
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