1. Precision Farming What’s influencing our ag system? 2011 Bobby Grisso Virginia Tech Biological Systems Engineering

2. Resources: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/category/precision-geospatial-sensor.html Precision Farming - A Comprehensive Approach. Precision Farming Tools: GPS Navigation. Precision Farming Tools: Yield Monitor. Precision Farming Tools: Global Positioning System-GPS. Precision Farming Tools: Variable-Rate Application Precision Farming Tools: Soil Electrical Conductivity. Investing in GPS Guidance Systems? Interpreting Yield Maps - "I gotta yield map - now what?"

3. Ten Agricultural and Biological Engineering Achievements that Changed the World

4. 10 Engineering Achievements 1.Development of the Agricultural Tractor 2.Rural Electrification 3.Self-Propelled Combine 4.Center Pivot for Irrigation 5.International Harvester Cotton Picker 6.Milking Machine 7.Conservation Tillage 8.ASABE Standardization Procedure 9.Rubber Tires on Tractors 10.Refrigerated On-Farm Milk Storage

5. The Influence of Precision Agriculture !

6. Precision Agriculture Precise information on agronomic factors. Precise selection and placement of crop inputs. Precise position and travel information.

7. GPS Systems

8. GPS Global Positioning System Characteristics Free Accurate Reliable Worldwide Unlimited user capacity 60’s TRANSIT – doppler system ’95 Fully Operational Condition (FOC)

9. SOME GPS APPLICATIONS  MILITARY  MARITIME  AUTOMOTIVE  SURVEYING  AVIATION  AGRICULTURE  FORESTRY  ENVIRONMENTAL  PUBLIC SAFETY  HIKING  HUNTING  NATURE STUDY  FISHING  BOATING  BIKING  SKIING  SNOWMOBILING  GEOCACHING  GOLF ! COMMERCE & GOVERNMENT RECREATIONAL

10. Space Segment 28 Rockwell satellites 7.5 yr life span –6 orbital planes @ 55 degree orbits –2 orbits everyday –Very high orbit (20,200 km) –Radius of Earth ~ 8000 mi (~12,900 )

11. How GPS works… Satellite signals are broadcast at the speed of light (186,000 miles per second) Distance to satellite =11,200 miles 300,000 km/s a 1/1,000,000 sec Error =>300 m pos. Error

12. Precision Agriculture: Systems Approach Right source Right rate Right time Right place

14. Section Control Systems

16. All Machinery must pay…

17. Precision Technology Use

18. Precision Ag Services Offered

20. Who’s Leading the Green Index?

21. Ag Journey

27. Innovation

28. Automated Guidance Implement Guidance Variable Rate Overlap Switching Data Transfer 12.0% 3.0% 7.3% 4.6% ? 12.0% Total Savings Value Proposition 15.0%22.3%26.9% >26.9% Engineers working on Automatic Guidance and Precision Agriculture have increased productivity by 27% in the last 14 years

29. GPS Options for Ag Autonomous 50 - 100m S/A DGPS.5 - 5m RTK Float 20cm RTK Fixed 1cm GPS 7 - 10m

30. DGPS Accuracy – Trimble Units

31. Sprayer Navigation

32. GPS Navigation Aids:

33. Reliable and more accurate Accuracy at higher speeds Easily used with spinner spreaders Easy to use – less skilled operator Effective over growing crops Allows operation when visibility is poor Less affected by weather Lower recurring costs Reduces operator fatigue and eye strain Lower set-up time Not effected by wind or boom bounce Reduces overlaps and skips Reduces need for people in sprayed areas

34. GPS Navigation Aids:

36. GPS Navigation Systems: Boomless Sprayers Spreaders

37. New VCE Publications Investing in GPS Guidance Systems? Precision Farming Tools: GPS Navigation Check with local county agent for details

38. Self-Steering RTK

39. Autonomous Vehicles:

40. Scouting Tools

41. Remote Controlled Aircraft Spraying and Video Scouting:

42. Aerial Photograph

43. Combines: Yield Monitors

44. Sensor for Turf Management

46. Soil Sampling Methods

47. Soil Sampling www.AgRobotics.com

52. Application Decisions?

53. Closed systems

54. Boom Height Control Operator Comfort Drift Control Proper Spray Tip Height For Better Chemical Distribution Protect Boom Ends

55. Air-assisted sprayers

56. Smart Sprayers Computer guided Vision systems on sprayers Real-time ID weeds, insects, diseases Determine where, what, and when to spray

57. Greenseeker – N rate control

58. Precision Agriculture: Systems Approach