1. Today’s Vocab Romulus and Remus- Twin brothers of the God Mars who founded Rome Republic- Form of government where representatives vote on issues Patricians- Roman Landowners who held most of the power in the Republic Plebians- Roman Commoners who made up most of the population but had little power 12 Tables- Written code of law that governed Roman society Forum- Public meeting place where politics and business were conducted Consuls- Leaders of Rome who directed the government Senate- Made up of the Aristocracy who made the laws for Rome When finished please work on the map activity and reading.

2. Rome

3. Warm up? BASED ON THE MAP OF ROME CAN YOU FIND ANY ANDAVTAGES TO THEIR GEOGRAPHY?

4. EQ HOW DID ROME’S GEOGRAPHY AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT LEAD THEM TO DOMINATE THE MEDITERRANEAN POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY?

5. Geography and Early History of Rome Where is Rome/Italy located?  West of Greece What body of water separates Rome from Greece?  Adriatic Sea/Ionian Sea What body of water lies South of Rome?  Mediterranean Sea What is the name of the major river in Italy?  Tiber River

6. What are some major differences between Greek and Italian countryside?  Italy has a lot of fertile land  It gets a lot of rain  Italy is easily accessible to Europe from the North Based on what you know about the Geography of Greece and Rome where would you choose to live and why?

7. When was the city founded?  753 BC Who was it founded by?  Romulus and Remus What did they decide to do?  They decided to build a city. It was Rome! How are they related?  They were twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin princess. What is their story? How did they survive?  They were abandoned at birth and raised by a wolf.

8. Why did so many people migrate to live around Rome? What was offered to them?  A great location on the Mediterranean Sea  Fertile land Who lived on the area around Rome in the past?  Latin Shepherds around 1000 BC  Greeks from 750-600 BC  Etruscans after the Greeks in Northern Italy How was Rome ruled around 600 BC?  Etruscan King until 509 BC After the last king, what type of government was formed? Where does the power lie?  Republic  Power lies in the hands of citizens who elect their leaders

9. So who had a say in the Republic and what rights did they have? Citizens Right to Vote Patricians - Aristocratic landowners -Had most of the Power -Inherited Power and Social Status Plebians - Common farmers, artisans, and merchants -Majority of population -Couldn’t hold any important government positions -Could elect tribunes (protected rights of plebians from unfair acts of patricians) -Additional pressure would also get them more rights- 12 Tables

10. The Forum “Res Public”  Public Affairs Republic  Citizens have the right to select their leaders Forum  Drained swamp-public meeting place 12 Tables  Written law code forced by lower class

11. Consuls  How many? 2  Duties: Direct government and in charge of army  Term limit: 1 year Senate  Made up of what class? Aristocracy  Duties: Legislature (make the laws)  Term limit: Life The Assemblies  Centuriate Assembly: Made laws-upper class  Tribal Assembly: Made laws- lower class Dictator  When can he be used? Crisis  For how long? 6 months

12. ROMAN ARMY Soldiers organized into large military units called Legions  Legions had 5000 soldiers (infantry)  Group of Cavalry supported each Legion (Horses) Legion was divided into smaller groups of 80 soldiers called Centuries Military was key factor in Rome’s rise to power

13. Rome valued a strong military All Landowning citizens were required to serve Certain political offices required 10 years of military service

14. GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

15. REFLECTION 1. Compare and Contrast a republic and a democracy? 2. Why do you think the Romans created a Republic? 3. What were the benefits of Roman Geography? 4. What were the 2 social classes of Rome? 5. What is the significance of the 12 Tables?