1. Haptic Robots to Promote Neurorehabilitation Tanner Barnes BME 281

2. Stroke: A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow 7 million people in the United States have survived a stroke Only 10% recover completely 40% suffer moderate to severe impairments and require special therapy

3. Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that affects the developing brain, most often before birth. 1 in 303 children in the United States are born with CP One third of these children develop hemiplegia, which is total or partial paralysis of half the body

4. Problem: Hemiplegia is common in post stroke patients as well as children with CP Upper extremity impairment is exhibited in all patients with hemiplegia In some cases, upper extremity motor function can be regained through physical therapy or various other rehabilitation methods

5. Haptic Master: Six degrees of freedom haptic interface robot Allows the manipulation of virtual objects and provides haptic feedback to the user Capable of assisting user in desired movements if they are unable to make them independently

6. Results in Stroke Patients: After 8-9 therapy sessions over the course of 3 weeks

7. Results in Children with CP: After training one hour a day, three times a week

8. Advantages: More enjoyable therapy for children Assistive technology Ability to track progress Varying difficulties

9. Disadvantages: Small group of patients eligible, must have certain range of joint movement and motor function Cost- upwards of $200,000 for system Not proven to be superior to conventional therapy techniques

10. Conclusion: There has not been a large enough study completed to prove or disprove this method of therapy In feasibility testing, haptic robot therapy appears to be comparable to conventional therapy The technology is available for a larger scale study which will provide more conclusive data Future studies will determining effectiveness with neurorehabilitation in the upper extremities

11. References Adamovich, Sergei. "The New Jersey Institute of Technology Robot-Assisted Virtual Rehabilitation (NJIT-RAVR) system for children with cerebral palsy: a feasibility study." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 6.40 (2009): n. page. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. Adamovich, Sergei. "Incorporating haptic effects into three- dimensional virtual environments to train the hemiparetic upper extremity." IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.. (Oct.1 2010): n. page. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. "Price List." Engineering Systems Technologies. Engineering Systems Technologies, 18 Sep 2013. Web. 17 Nov 2013.. http://www.cyberglovesystems.com/products/cyberforce http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=REHABT http://www.cdc.gov/features/cerebralpalsy/ http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hemiplegia http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stroke http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cerebral-palsy/DS00302