1. Animal Welfare and Theories of Justice Dr Justin Greaves University of Warwick

2. This presentation The origins of the workshop Links between public policy and political theory

3. GoLD project £1million + – funded by RELU Studied the epidemiological, political and legal aspects of endemic infectious disease control of cattle in the UK Allows stakeholders to be better informed of the potential impact of different policy and regulatory changes

4. Welfare concerns It is of welfare concern that livestock health is sub-optimal Livestock diseases can potentially affect the health of humans and wildlife Animal welfare is a factor in a decision to control endemic animal disease Initiatives to improve disease control need to be developed within the broader context of animal welfare

5. As part of the project Wyn Grant gained interesting insights from a secondment to the Animal Welfare team at Defra

6. Future research GoLD also threw up a number of interesting questions about animal welfare which fell outside the scope of the project Workshop has two aims: (1) To discuss the substantive issues concerning justice, animal welfare and animal health (2) Discussion of possibilities to take the inquiry further (Leverhulme bid?)

7. A gap in the market? Very few political ‘scientists’ work in this area Two exceptions are Rob Garner at Leicester and Alasdair Cochrane at LSE Therefore, an important gap in the market to tap into Some aspects of the debate have been underplayed or ignored

8. Relevant and topical debate New books (& articles) by Garner and Cochrane Animal Welfare Bill, draft Animal Health Bill (dropped by Coalition government) EU Animal Health Strategy (EU also drafting legislation on animal health) New report by the RSPCA – the Welfare State: Five Years Measuring Animal Welfare in the UK 2005-2009

9. Issues to consider (1) The challenge of ensuring animal welfare whilst food supplies continue at a time when there are food security concerns and rising or volatile prices The need to balance the interests of animals, farmers and consumers Ideal and non ideal theories of justice – a need for ‘practical’ solutions?

10. Issues to consider (2) Conflicts between the interests of different animals EG: bTB – [the extent of] transmission from diseased badgers to cattle. How do we balance the interests of badgers against cattle?

11. Issues to consider (3) How should we understand the nature of, and relationship between, disease, health and welfare for animals? What are the implications in terms of public policy?

12. Public policy/political theory We hope such research activity will provide a mechanism for more effectively integrating public policy and political theory

13. Centre for Ethics, Law and Public Affairs We intend our activity to feed into CELPA New centre established to address issues of public concern from the perspective of philosophy The analysis of ethical and political ideals and their application to different aspects of public policy

14. Another issue to consider Public policy should rest on a sound normative basis and the best ‘scientific’ evidence available For example, a badger cull may be scientifically sound, but that does not necessarily make it normatively justified See Weale (2010) and Sanderson (2009) articles in Political Studies

15. Some concluding thoughts Could such issues help inform a new ‘theory of justice’ for animals? A need to bring together: (1) The normative issues discussed by moral, political and legal theorists (2) The debates about policy and farming

16. Thank you for listening Some helpful links My webpage (and research interests) http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/ staff/greaves http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/ staff/greaves CELPA http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/ research/celpa http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/ research/celpa