1. Standard Enthalpies Objectives Recall the definition of standard enthalpy changes of reaction, formation, combustion Edexcel AS Chemistry p79

2. Standard Enthalpies When we compare enthalpy changes of reactions we use standard conditions, - known temperatures, pressures, masses and concentrations of reactants or products, in order to make it a fair comparison. KEY IDEAS The standard conditions are: A pressure of 1 atmosphere A temperature of 298K (25 o C) Reactants and products in physical states, normal for the above conditions. A concentration of 1.0 mol dm -3 for solutions. The o sign indicates standard conditions

3. Task You have 10 minutes to produce a 2 minute presentation on one of the standard enthalpies. You should find out it’s symbol Explain what it is Give some examples with word and symbol equations

4. Standard enthalpy change of reaction ΔH o r The enthalpy change when the reaction occurs in the molar quantities shown in the chemical equation, under standard conditions in their standard states Eg. 2C 3 H 8(g) + 10O 2(g) 8H 2 O (l) + 6CO 2(g)

5. Standard enthalpy change of formation ΔH o f The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions; both compound and elements are in standard states. Eg. 2C (s) + 3H 2(g) + ½O 2(g) C 2 H 5 OH (l) Standard Enthalpy Change of Formation

6. Standard enthalpy change of combustion ΔH o c The enthalpy change when one mole of an element or compound reacts completely with oxygen under standard conditions. Eg. CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (l) Combustion Reaction Demonstration

7. Exam Question Methanol, CH 3 OH (l), when blended with petrol, can be used as a fuel. ΔH o c [CH 3 OH] = -726kJmol -1 a)Write an equation, including state symbols, for the standard enthalpy change of combustion of methanol (2) b) Write an equation, including state symbols. For the standard enthalpy change of formation of methanol (2) c) Liquid petroleum gas is a fuel that contains propane, C 3 H 8. Explain why the following equation does not represent a standard enthalpy change of combustion.(1) 2C 3 H 8(g) + 10O 2(g) 8H 2 O (l) + 6CO 2(g) ΔH r =-4113kJmol -1

8. Answers a)CH 3 OH (l) + 1½O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (l) b)C (s) + 2H 2(g) + ½O 2(g) CH 3 OH (l) c) Only one mole of C 3 H 8 should be shown according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion