1. Ch. 10-3: Spanish Speaking South America
Objective: Identify key events in the colonization of South America

2. The Inca and Pizarro
In 1500s, the Incan civilization was the major power in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.
Francisco Pizarro and his Spanish soldiers led an invasion against the Inca and brought down the empire.
Francisco Pizarro

3. Conquest and the End of Spanish Rule
As a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas, control of South America was divided between Spain and Portugal.

4. The Inca
The Incan Empire extended 2,500 miles from Ecuador in the north to Argentina in the south.
The Inca built an extensive system of roads that extended for over 20,000 miles through the mountains and deserts of the empire

6. Spanish Conquest
Pizarro and his soldiers were interested in finding gold and silver.
They forced the natives to work in mines and on farms.
The natives were horribly abused even though the Spanish government and the Church passed laws limiting the use of natives in hard labor.

7. The Effect of Spanish Conquest
The Inca were forced to move from their villages onto Spanish controlled plantations.
This disrupted their family structures and made the area very difficult to manage.

8. Cultural Effects of Spanish Conquest
The Spanish language was imposed on the natives however, the Inca managed to retain their native language called Quechua.
The Catholic religion was also imposed upon the natives and is still practiced by the Inca today.

9. Independence Movements
The American and French Revolutions inspired the revolutions that swept through South America.
Simón Bolívar helped Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela gain their independence from Spain.
José San Martin helped to free Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spanish rule.
Simón Bolívar
José San Martin

11. Legacy of Conquest
While revolutions brought independence, the young countries began to fail as a result of geography.
The mountains created a formidable obstacle making unification nearly impossible which led to political instability and underdevelopment.

12. Economics
South American economies are largely based on agriculture, mining and limited oil.
Bolivia- tin, zinc, copper
Peru- fishing
Colombia and Venezuela- oil
Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay -agricultural crops
Ecuador-coffee

13. Chile- Economic Success
Chile is an economic success story because it has developed international trade relationships with the U.S. and Asia.
Chile has been the leader in working for economic cooperation among South American nations where it is an associate member of Mercosur.

14. Mercosur
Mercosur is an economic free market that began cooperation in southern part of South America in Goals:
Make member economies more stable
Increase trade within the region and decrease dependency on unstable global markets
Channel some of the profits of improving economies to those people and groups that most need help.

15. Literacy and Education
South American countries have a higher literacy rate than Mexico, Central America or Caribbean countries at about 90%.
Chile’s literacy rate is 95%
Education is very important throughout South America but particularly in Chile.

16. Ch. 10-4: Brazil Brazil was Portugal’s largest colony.
The Portuguese were interested in finding gold and silver but did not find any.
Sugar plantations took the place of gold mines and became the most important export from Brazil

17. Settlement in Brazil
Settlement along the eastern coast was easier than in the interior because of the rainforest.
The Native populations died off as a result of European diseases and African were brought in to work in the sugar cane fields.

18. Slavery In Brazil
As a result of the introduction of Africans, the Brazilian population is a mix of European, African and native ancestry.

19. Independence for Brazil
Brazil remained a colony of Portugal until This revolution came about as thousands Brazilians signed petitions asking for independence.
Dom Pedro, the Portuguese kings son, agreed to rule Brazil as an independent nation.

20. National Culture of Brazil
Brazil is an immigrant nation with large numbers of people from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
Catholicism is practiced however, among some of African descent, it is combined with African religious rituals.

21. Brazil- An Economic Giant
Brazil is a growing economic power because of its natural resources, hydroelectric power generated by its many rivers, large oil reserves and natural gas.

22. Carnival- Rio de Janeiro

23. The Darker Side of City Life
Drug abuse
Poverty
Crime
Slums

24. The End