1. What is the Composition of the Population of the United States Defining a group

2. Notation Race Asian Black White Ethnicity Hispanic

3. 2000 Census Media reports indicated that Hispanics, according to Census reports, have become the largest minority group Before analyzing these reports we need to evaluate the source of the data

4. Issues What is the difference between Race and Ethnicity

5. Difference between Race and Ethnicity Race: An ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis. It assumes that human differences are based on biology, not culture. Ethnicity Ethnicity means identification with, and feeling part of an ethnic group. An ethnic group shares beliefs, values, habits, customs and norms because of a common background. They may also share language, religion, historical experiences, kinship or "race". Ethnic groups have a name for themselves, a territory and a sense of group solidarity.

6. Issues What is the difference between Race and Ethnicity Who determines where individual belongs What options is respondent have 2000 Census vs. other Do individuals know the difference between Race and Ethnicity

25. Estimated Components of State Population Change: July 1, 2001 to July 1, 2002 State Population Increase Percent (Unless otherwise stated) Difference Natural Growth (births- deaths) Net International Growth United States3,051,13952.5%47.5%5.00 West Virginia-1,036-1,754718 Numbers not in Percent California622,51547.5%52.5%(5.03) Texas366,63256.0%44.0%12.00

28. Foreign Immigration and Its Contributions to Population and Labor Force Growth in Massachusetts and the U.S.: A Recent Assessment of 2000 Census and CPS Survey Findings Center for Labor Market Studies Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts December 2001

38. Immigration and Naturalization Service Some question the reliability of undocumented migrants data obtained from the INS Nonetheless, it is a legitimate source on the number of undocumented migrants However, the most reliable source is the PEW Hispanic Foundation

48. The Hispanic Challenge A book (Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity ( New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004 428 pages ) ) and an article in Foreign Policy (March/April 2004m pp. 30-45) - by Harvard Professor Samuel P. Huntington Lack of Acculturation (assimilation) of Hispanic and in particular Mexicans.

50. The Hispanic Challenge Prof. Huntington gives six factors: Contiguity (2,000 mile border). Largest border between a First World country and a Third World country Scale. The diversity of immigrants has drastically changed in the past 40 years as seen in the following graph:

51. The Hispanic Challenge

52. Illegality. For instance, there are approximately 11.1 million undocumented, Mexican immigrants, accounting for 56% of the total undocumented population. Source PEW Foundation

53. The Hispanic Challenge Regional Concentration. However, as seen earlier, that appears no longer to be the case. Persistence. However, he does point that since the mid-1960s migration of Mexicans has been continuously increasing. Historical Presence. A few are settlers from land that was owned by Mexico prior to the Mexican-American war. New arrivals also recall some of the land used to belong to Mexico

54. The Hispanic Challenge In addition to the six items indicated by Prof. Huntington, there are two additional ones he does not point to: First, the age distribution in both countries: Mexico is a relative young country US is a relative old country

58. While wage differentials clearly are a reason for migration, the development of Networks have been found to also be a very important component of migration. Temporary work permits like the bracero program of the 1940s to the mid-1960s and the proposed migration initiative of the Bush administration increase the persistence of migration The Hispanic Challenge

59. As a Binational Commission (1997) indicated: Moreover, history has shown that U.S.- sanctioned Bracero recruitment in the 1950s oriented many Mexican workers toward the U.S. labor market instead of toward local jobs and development (p. 71).