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Published byAllen Harmon Modified over 9 years ago
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The Computer System The computer is an automatic, electronic device that accepts data or input, which it stores and processes to give output or information What are the functions of the computer system?
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Back to top
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Types of Computers Mainframe Mini Computers Super Computers
Micro Computers Personal Computers Embedded Computers Laptops, notebooks, netbooks Palmtop Computers Tablet PC Back to top
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Mainframe Computer Back to Types of Computers
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Mini Computer Back to Types of Computers
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Supercomputer Back to Types of Computers
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Micro Computers Back to Types of Computers
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Functions of a Computer System
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT STORAGE Back to top
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The Computer System - Again
MEMORY CPU INPUT Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) OUTPUT Back to functions
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The medium through which data is sent to the computer for processing.
Input The medium through which data is sent to the computer for processing. Sources of Input Data from Human users Data from Machines Back to functions
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Input Devices Keyboard/Keypad Touch Terminal Graphic Tablet Light Pen
Pointing Devices Mouse Trackball Pointing Stick Touchpad **Joystick Touch Terminal Graphic Tablet Light Pen Back to Input
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Input Back to Input
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Scanning Devices Scanning Facilities Scanner Barcode Reader
Input Devices Scanning Devices Scanner Flatbed, hand-held, Drum, Sheet-fed Barcode Reader Scanning Facilities OCR OMR MICR Back to Input
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Scanners Back to Input
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Digital Still-Shot Camera Digital Video Camera Webcam Smart Card
Input Devices Digital Still-Shot Camera Digital Video Camera Webcam Smart Card Biometric Systems Remote Control Sensors Interactive Whiteboards Back to Input
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Other Input Devices
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Input Devices Audio Input Devices Microphone
RFID – Radio Frequency Identification MIDI Back to Input
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Audio Input Devices
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Gaming Input Joystick Gaming pad Gaming Wheel Light gun Dance Pad
Input Devices Gaming Input Joystick Gaming pad Gaming Wheel Light gun Dance Pad Motion Sensing controllers Back to Input
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Gaming Input Devices
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Output Output is the result of processing. It is the purpose you set out to achieve by using the computer. Output Devices are pieces of equipment that are used to communicate output/information. Types of Output Soft copy Hard Copy Back to functions
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Output Devices VDU Printers Microfilm/Microfiche Audio Output
Robot/Control Systems Back to Output
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VDU – Visual Display Unit
The Screen is made up of Pixels Types CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Flat Panel Display LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) Plasma Display Monitor Characteristics VDU Devices Monitor Multimedia Projector LCD Panel Back to Output
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Monitors Back to Output
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Monitor Characteristics
Monitor Size Display Resolution VGA (640 X 480) – Video Graphics Array SVGA(800 X 600) – Super Video Graphics Array XGA/XVGA (1024 X 768) – Extended Video Graphics Array SXGA (1280 X 1024) – Super Extended Graphics Array UXGA (1600 X 1200) – Ultra Extended Graphics Array QXGA (2048 X 1536) – Quad Extended Graphics Array Back to Output
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Monitor Characteristics
Image Aspect Ratio Ratio width to height Refresh Rate Number of refresh times/second Video or graphics card or adaptor Links processor and monitor Back to Output
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Sound Output Speakers Voice Response Systems Speech Synthesis
Headphones Earphones / ear buds Voice Response Systems Speech Synthesis Conversion of text to speech Back to Output
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Sound Output Devices
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Printers Producer of Hardcopy output Classification 1:
Character printers Line Printers Page Printers Classification 2: Impact Printers Non-impact Printers Back to Output
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Impact Printers Dot Matrix Daisy Wheel Drum, Chain or Band Printer
Braille Printer poster Back to Output
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Non – Impact Printers Thermal Laser Inkjet Back to Output
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Other Printers Mobile Printers Multifunctional Printers Plotters
Pen Plotters Inkjet Plotters Electrostatic Plotters Back to Output
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Microfiche/Microfilm (COM)
COM – Computer Output on Microfilm/Microfiche Microfilm: Roll of film Microfiche: Sheet of film Back to Output
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Robot and Control Systems
Processor to Robotic hardware produces physical action and is therefore a type of output. Control Systems uses sensors as input and activates an item of hardware as a result of the input received Back to Output
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Storage Media and Devices used to keep data and instructions available for immediate or later use. Categories of Storage Primary (Main Memory) Secondary Units of Storage Back to functions
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Primary Storage Also called main memory
Memory chips (integrated circuit) is immediate access store and resides in the motherboard RAM Temporary and changeable (volatile) Holds programs and data currently being used Cache High speed static RAM (SRAM) Easier to access than primary memory Speeds up processing Back to Storage
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Primary Storage ROM Variations of ROM
Chips holding instructions needed for starting up the computer Non volatile (not easily modified) Variations of ROM PROM EPROM EEPROM Back to Storage
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Units of Storage – see pg 31
Bit (Binary Digit) Byte Character Word Word length Larger Units Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte Exabyte Zettabyte yottabyte Back to Storage
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Secondary Storage Also known as auxiliary or backup storage, keeps data and information even while the computer is switched off Classifications by technology Magnetic Optical ROM Classification by Access type Serial Access Direct Access Back to Storage
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Storage Media Magnetic Tapes Magnetic Disks Optical Disks Flash Memory
Floppy Disks Hard Disks Optical Disks CD (ROM; R; RW) DVD Blu-Ray Flash Memory Back to Storage
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Storage Media Pgs 32 - 37 Magnetic Tapes Magnetic Disks Optical Disks
Includes microfilm Magnetic Disks Floppy Disks Hard Disks Access time; tracks, sectors, cylinders Optical Disks CD (ROM; R; RW) DVD Blu-Ray Back to Storage
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Storage Devices Optical Disk Drive Tape Drive Connectivity **USB Drive
FireWire ` Back to Storage
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True / False CPU VDU Back to functions
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Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
The CPU Also known as the processor Takes raw data and following instructions, converts it to information Speed is measured in megahertz Consists of the Control Unit and the Arithmetic Logic Unit CPU Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) Back to functions
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Directs and co-ordinates all activities within the CPU
Control Unit Directs and co-ordinates all activities within the CPU Fetches instructions from memory Decodes the instructions Fetches required data Sends data and instructions to ALU for processing Sends data to main memory after processing
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Arithmetic Logic Unit Performs ALL arithmetic and logical functions of the computer
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Label the following Back to Output
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Label the following Back to Input
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Label the following
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Label the following
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