1. S UBJUNCTIVE VERB FORMS PT. I AND CUM CLAUSES Imperfect AND Pluperfect Tenses

2. A WORD ON MOOD This is one of 5 ASPECTS of a verb: Person –WHO does the action Number—Singular or plural Tense—WHEN the action takes place Voice—Whether it is ACTIVE or PASSIVE Active = subject does the action (he hits the ball) Passive = subject is acted upon (he is hit by the ball) Mood Indicative = simply indicates facts, states what is happening (she sings) Imperative = used to give direct commands (sing!) SUBJUNCTIVE = used in a variety of dependent clauses. Cum clauses use a verb in the subjunctive mood.

3. S UBJUNCTIVE FORMS Imperfect Tense, Active voice INFINITIVE + PERSONAL ENDINGS ago, agere, egi, actus Agere + m =agerem=I was doing Agere + s =ageres=you were… Agere + t =ageret=he was… Agere + mus =ageremus=we were… Agere + tis =ageretis=you all were… Agere + nt =agerent=they were…

4. P RACTICE WITH SUBJUNCTIVE CUM CLAUSES cum milites hostem pugnarent, cives victoriam sperabant. When the soldiers WERE FIGHTING the enemy, the citizens were hoping for victory. Vilbia, cum Modestus intraret, eum salutavit. Vilbia, when Modestus was entering, greeted him. Rex Cogidubnus, cum Salvius eum necare temptaret, non laetus erat. _____________________________________________

5. M ORE S UBJUNCTIVE F ORMS Pluperfect tense, Active voice Third Principal part + isse + personal ending Ago, agere, egi, actus eg + isse + m=egissem=I had done eg + isse + s =egisses=you had… eg + isse + t =egisset=he had… eg + isse + mus =egissemus=we had… eg + isse + tis=egissetis=you all had… eg + isse + nt=egissent=they had…

6. P RACTICE WITH SUBJUNCTIVE CUM CLAUSES Cum Quintus regem Cogibudnum adiuvisset, rex donum ei dedit. When Quintus had helped king Cogibudnus, the king gave a gist to him. Cum Strythio amuletam Vilbiae dedisset, ea erat laetissima. When Strythio had given the amulet to Vilbia, she was very happy. Cum gladiatores leonem interfecissent, specatores plauserunt. ___________________________________________

7. W HICH TENSE, I MPERFECT OR P LUPERFECT ? Laboraremus imperfect Dormirent imperfect Laboravisses pluperfect Agerem imperfect Fecissemus pluperfect Faceret imperfect Interfecisses pluperfect Scripsissetis pluperfect Scriberem imperfect