1. LTE Dimensioning
Ericsson AB 2008

2. LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Ericsson AB 2008 LTE - Agenda LTE Basic
LTE Road Map
LTE Architecture
LTE Access Network
LTE Channel
Ericsson AB 2008

3. LTE Dimensioning 2008-01-29 Ericsson AB 2008
Aim of Long Term Evolution
Increased Capacity
Reduce Network Complexity
Lower deployment and operating cost
Ericsson AB 2008

4. LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Basics
Ericsson AB 2008

5. What is LTE ?
3GPP Long Term Evolution, referred to as LTE and marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using new modulation techniques. In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology
Higher performance
Backwards compatible
Wide application

6. LTE – Key factors LTE Why ? High Data Rates > 100 Mbps – Downlink
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Key factors
LTE
High Data Rates
> 100 Mbps – Downlink
> 50 Mbps – Uplink
Channel Setup < 100 ms
Why ?
Mobile Broadband Tendency
Customers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile data communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz)
Efficient – Reducing OPEX & CAPEX
Easy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing)
TDD / FDD & Spectrum Flexibility
New Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time)
High Performance for Broadcast Services
Wide Range of Terminals
Increase Service Provisioning
Ericsson AB 2008

7. Evolution of Radio Access Technologies
802.16m
802.16d/e
LTE (3.9G) : 3GPP release 8~9
LTE-Advanced : 3GPP release 10+

8. Towards LTE

9. Mobile broadband speed evolution
LTE Dimensioning
Mobile broadband speed evolution
Other
CDMA
Mobile WiMAX
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
WCDMA
HSPA
LTE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
Reported Subscriptions (million)
LTE Evolution
LTE
HSPA Evolution
Key Messages;
The technologies are here
Mobile radio access technologies are already well capable of delivering a broadband experience
A well coordinated standardization ensures mass adoption & economies of scale
This is a global effort
Users have taken HSPA to their hearts since HSPA delivers true broadband
Today almost 40 ops offering user speeds of 7 Mbps
In Geneva at the WRC (October-November 2007) we measured over 6 Mbps while driving in a car, and close to 1.4 Mbps uplink at the convention center – which is better than common fixed broadband
HSPA is already here and has a steady roadmap and is future proof
Suppliers like Ericsson are committed to future development
Ericsson will release 28 Mbps end of 2008 going for 42 Mbps during 2009
We have already demoed 160 Mbps on LTE where commercial products will be released 2009
LTE is a natural evolution of HSPA and will coexist with HSPA for a long time – HSPA will be the broadband wide area coverage and LTE will provide capacity and speeds in densely populated regions when needed
Additional Information about HSPA & LTE
Ericsson conducted the world's first demonstration of end-to-end HSPA Evolution technology with speeds of up to 42 Mbps at CTIA Wireless 2008, held in Las Vegas from April 1 to 3
Speeds of up to 42 Mbps represent the next phase in HSPA Evolution. These speeds are achieved by combining new higher order modulation technology (64QAM), together with 2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology. The first step of the HSPA evolution will be introduced during 2008
Different terminal classes are being defined for LTE and it looks like around 150 Mbps will be one of the supported classes. (In our press releases we have communicated 160 Mbps for LTE.) And, it does not stop there. In the future, HSPA can achieve higher bit rates ( Mbps downlink and Mbps uplink with multicarrier solutions). Also LTE has an impressive speed evolution - it will easily reach >300 Mbps with 20 MHz spectrum, and with 100 MHz spectrum well over 1 Gbps can be achieved.
Interoperability GSM/HSPA/LTE
Since these technologies are all from the same family, handover and interoperability between GSM, HSPA and LTE will be secured, the user will thus never be out of coverage.
HSPA
3G- R’99
Target
Peak rate
384 kbps
3.6 Mbps
7/14 Mbps
21/28/42 Mbps
~150 Mbps
1 Gbps
2002
2005
2007
2008/2009
2009
2013
Ericsson AB 2008

10. LTE – Terminals Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Terminals
Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE
Ericsson AB 2008

11. LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Roadmap
Ericsson AB 2008

12. LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Evolution
Ericsson AB 2008

13. LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Smooth Migration
Ericsson AB 2008

14. LTE – Long Term Evolution Architeture
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Long Term Evolution Architeture
Ericsson AB 2008

15. LTE Architecture MME = Mobility Management EntityGb Iu
GERAN
UTRAN 3G 2G
LTE RAN
LTE
Non-3GPP
MME/ UPE
SGi
IP networks S3 S4
S5a S6 S7 S1 S2
”EVOLVED PACKET CORE”
MME = Mobility Management Entity
IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor
PCRF
HSS
SGSN
3GPP Anchor
SAE Anchor
S5b
IASA

16. LTE (Long Term Evolution)
Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)
Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency
Simplification of the radio network
Efficient support of packet based services
Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution)
Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput
Simplification of the core network
Optimization for IP traffic and services
Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

17. Evolution Path Architecture
The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN)
Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway
Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end.
LTE

18. WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network
LTE Dimensioning
WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network
WCDMA System Architeture
LTE System Architeture
RAN
Ericsson AB 2008

19. eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view
LTE Dimensioning
eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view
MME/GW
S1-C X2
eNode B
Evolved
Packet
Core
Evolved
UTRAN
MME: Mobility Management Entity
GW: GateWay
The logical interface from the eNode B to the core network is called S1 and the logical interface between eNode Bs is called X2. The RNC that is used in WCDMA does not exist in LTE. Some of the functionality is moved to the eNode B and other functionality is moved to the core network.
168/ FGB Uen Rev A
Ericsson AB 2008
168/ FGB Uen Rev B168/ FGB Uen Rev A 19 19

20. LTE Dimensioning
LTE – eNodeB
LTE eNodeB
Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions.
ARQ, Header Compression & layer functions
Security Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection )
eNodeB take decisions about Handover & scheduling for uplink and downlink.
Radio Resources Control functions
Connected to the Core Network with S1 Interface (similar as Iu)
X2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the Active Mode Mobility.
Ericsson AB 2008

21. LTE – Long Term Evolution Core Network
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Long Term Evolution Core Network
Ericsson AB 2008

22. WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core
LTE Dimensioning
WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core
WCDMA System Architeture
LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution
Ericsson AB 2008

23. WCDMA LTE - Core LTE Core Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core
LTE Dimensioning
WCDMA LTE - Core
LTE Core
Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core
SAE just covers Packet Switched Domain
HSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network
HSS uses the S6 interface
eNodeB is connected to the EPC by S1 Interface
EPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobility
Charging
Management of Subscriber
Mobility Management ( roaming )
QOS Handling
Policy Control of Data Flows
Interconection with External Networks
Ericsson AB 2008

24. SAE: System Architecture Evolution
LTE Dimensioning
SAE: System Architecture Evolution
SAPC
IP networks
HSS/HLR S7
PCRF
”WSM module”
S7c
Wx*
S7b S9
HSS
AAA
S7a
PDN Gateway (PDN GW): The PDN Gateway is the node that terminates the SGi interface towards the PDN
Wm*
HLR
S6a
SGi Gr
S6c
S2a
PDN GW
SGSN/MME
S2b
SAE GW
S5/S8 S4
S2c
Serv GW
The Serving Gateway is the node that terminates the interface towards LTE RAN
S11
S103
SGSN
MME S3
S101/102
S10
ePDG
Wn* Gb
Iu-C
S12
S1-C
S1-U
Wn*
Wa*
Ta*
Mobility Management Entity (MME): The MME manages mobility, UE identities and security parameters
Non-3GPP
Trusted
Eg cdma 2G 3G
LTE
Non-3GPP
Non-trusted
Ericsson AB 2008

25. MME Functionality Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) Authentication
SAE CN Architecture
SGi
MME
S1-MME
S1-U
S11 X2
S10
eNodeB S3 S4
SGSN
SAE GW
MME Functionality
Roaming (S6a towards home HSS)
Authentication
SAE GW selection
Idle mode mobility handling
Tracking Area Update
Paging
Mobility handling of
inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB)
inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB)
QoS “negotiation” with UE and eNodeB
Security
Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signalling
Secure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway))
O&M security (?)

26. SAE GW Functionality … SAE CN Architecture SAE GW PDN SAE GW:
SGi
MME
S1-MME
S1-U
S11 X2
S10
eNodeB S3 S4
SGSN
SAE GW
PDN SAE GW:
Policy Enforcement
Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection)
Charging Support
User plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accesses
routing of user data towards the S-GW
Security
O&M security (?)
Lawful Intercept
Serving SAE GW:
User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool)
User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobility
routing of user data towards the eNodeB
routing of user data towards the P-GW
routing of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with “Direct Tunnel”)
Secure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway))
The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes. …

27. LTE – Long Term Evolution Access Network
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Long Term Evolution Access Network
Ericsson AB 2008

28. Key LTE radio access features
LTE Dimensioning
Key LTE radio access features
LTE radio access
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA
Advanced antenna solutions
Diversity
Beam-forming
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
SC-FDMA
OFDMA TX
20 MHz
1.4 MHz
Ericsson AB 2008

29. LTE – Access Network LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Access Network
LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
LTE basic charactheristics:
Flexibility bandwidth (from 1.4 Mhz to 20 MHZ).
Orthogonally in uplink and downlink.
Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are supported).
Advanced Antenna Technology – MIMO is used in downlink to allow high peak rates.
Ericsson AB 2008

30. LTE – Long Term Evolution Channels
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Long Term Evolution Channels
Ericsson AB 2008

31. Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink
LTE Dimensioning
Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
PCCH
MTCH
MCCH
BCCH
DTCH
DCCH
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
CCCH
Logical Channels “type of information” (traffic/control)
pri sec
PCH
MCH
BCH
DL-SCH
UL-SCH
RACH
Transport Channels “how and with what characteristics” (common/shared/mc/bc)
PMCH - Physical Mulicast Channel
PBCH – Physical Broadcast Channel – BCH transport block is mapped to four subframes within 40ms interval
PDSCH – Physical DL Shared Channel
PCFICH – Physical Control Format Indicator Channel – Informs UE about nr of OFDM symbols, used for PDCCH, TX every subframe
PDCCH – Physical DL Control Channel – Informs UE about resource allocation and HybridARQ info related to DL-SCH and PCH. Carries UL scheduling grant
PHICH – Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel – Carries ACK/NAK in response to UL transmission
PUCCH – Physical UL Control Channel – Carries ACK/NAK in response to DL transmission. Carries CQI reports
PUSCH – Physical UL Shared Channel
PRACH – Physical Random Access Channel – carries preamble
-Sched TF DL -Sched grant UL -Pwr Ctrl cmd -HARQ info
PDCCH info
ACK/NACK
Physical Channels “bits, symbols, modulation, radio frames etc”
PMCH
PBCH
PDSCH
PCFICH
PDCCH
PHICH
PUCCH
PUSCH
PRACH
ACK/NACK CQI Scheduling req.
Ericsson AB 2008

32. LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information)
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information)
BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel )
Used for transmission of system control information to all mobiles in the cell. Prior to access the network the mobile needs to read the information on BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for example the bandwidth.
PCCH ( Paging Control Channel )
used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in not know to the network.
DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel )
Used for Transmission of control information to/from mobile. This channel is used for individual configuration of Terminals such as differents kinds of handover messages.
Ericsson AB 2008

33. LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information)
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information)
MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel )
used for transmission of control information
required for reception of the MTCH.
DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel )
used for transmission of user data to/from
a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data.
MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel )
used for downlink transmission of MBMS
services.
Ericsson AB 2008

34. LTE – Transport Channels
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Transport Channels
BCH ( Broadcast Channel )
Fixed Tranport Format
Used for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH logical channel.
RACH ( Random Access Channel )
Used for Access the Network from theTerminal.
Limited control information and colission risk.
PCH ( Paging Channel )
is used for transmission of paging information on the
PCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save battery power by sleeping and waking up to receive the PCH only at predefined time instants.
Ericsson AB 2008

35. LTE – Transport Channels
LTE Dimensioning
LTE – Transport Channels
DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel)
Used for transmission of data in LTE
DL SCH TTI is 1 ms
Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain.
MCH ( Multi Cast Channel)
Used to support MBMS
UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel )
UL SCH TTI 1 ms
Ericsson AB 2008

36. Commercial Views

37. LTE SAE Commercial Path
LTE Dimensioning
LTE SAE Commercial Path
Validate technology
First vendor selection
LTE Commercial deployment
2007
2008
2009
2010
Please remove this slide before publishing on intranet
Ericsson AB 2008

38. Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies
LTE Dimensioning
Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies
Vendor
HSPA
LTE
EV-DO
UMB
Mobile WiMAX
Ericsson focuses on developing the WCDMA offering with higher and higher speeds of HSPA as a natural evolution development towards LTE
In this strategy, Ericsson stands alone, as the rest of the competition is more focusing on all technologies incl. Wimax, and further development of CDMA, EV-DO and in long run UMB.
The market have so far shown an increased interest in LTE, with giant operators, such as Verizon, who runs a CDMA network today, KDDI, AT&T and Vfe.
Ericsson
Strongest vendor on HSPA with the largest market share
Focusing entirely on LTE, the natural evolution path for GSM/UMTS/HSPA and benefiting from economy of scale
A major standardization driver and technology leader
Alcatel-Lucent
Develop products for all technologies
Multi-Radio technology. Embraces all main technologies in it’s roadmap.
Currently developing a CDMA base station that is upgradable to UMB
Purchased Nortel UMTS business in 2006
WCDMA and HSPA market share is small.
Strong on mobile WiMAX and CDMA.
Huawei
Claims to be technology agnostic. Main focus is on HSPA and LTE followed by UMB, as they are a large CDMA supplier. Weaker on WiMAX. Plans to have a base station that works with all standards in 2010
Motorola
Wimax centric
More focus mobile WiMAX, with a good position
At CTIA 2007 it unveiled the IP based UBS (Universal Base Station) for CDMA that can also support both UMB and LTE in the future. However, Motorola’s position in mobile infrastructure is weak. Cooperation with Huawei for WCDMA/HSPA.
Nortel
Create a 4G Ecosystem, new start!
Technology driven , OFDM
High focus on OFDM as the technology for 4G (LTE, Wimax and UMB)
Believes in various technologies converge. It has conducted live demonstrations for all main technologies.
Same base station for all technologies
Nortel has a leap frog strategy on WCDMA. It has sold out it’s WCDMA division to Alcatel-Lucent
NSN
Main focus on HSPA and LTE like Ericsson
Nokia is weak in there HSPA implementation, one year behind Ericsson. Defined an proprietary step between HSPA and LTE called iHSPA. iHSPA has limited performance on the radio due to absence of soft handover, no market take off so far. NSN is using marketing to shift customer focus from its weak position by strongly push I-HSPA and HSUPA
Cautiously supporting WiMAX and works on establishing a Mobile WiMAX business. Depending on the development with Sprint as they are a selected vendor
NSN works on flat architecture to target CDMA2000 market with LTE/SAE
Cisco
Might get into the race with Wimax
Interested in 3G femto market
After officially not supporting WiMAX since 2004, Cisco entered the Mobile WiMAX market with the acquisition of Navini Networks in October 2007
Cisco now has an end-to-end WiMAX solution which will be targeted at emerging markets.
Cooperation with Huawei
Sold to ALU 2006
Support
Focus
Ericsson AB 2008

39. LTE Dimensioning
Ericsson AB 2008