1. SAVANNAH PIRES, MIA MARTINEZ, AND TAYLOR ZACHEY The Urinary System (Excretory System)

2. Definition The system of organs and tissues involved with regulation of water content and salt concentration in the body and with the excretion of wastes and excess water and salt in the form of urine. Osmoregulation- maintaining the body’s water/salt levels. (homeostasis)

3. Parts of the Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra Penis Vagina

4. Kidneys Two bean shaped organs Located below the rib cage Involuntary Filter metabolic wastes, excess ions, and chemicals Form urine

5. Filtration of Urine Blood enters through renal arteries. Enters the glomerulus, pressure releases filtrate to bowman’s capsule Flows through proximal convoluted tubule (reabsorbs necessary substances) Enters the Loop on Henle

6. Filtration of Urine (continued) Concentrated urine enters the Distal Convoluted Tubule Necessary organic molecules reabsorbed. Enters Medulla through channeling ducts.

7. What is Urine? Watery, yellowish fluid Discharged through urethra Contains water, salt, and urea

8. Ureters Tubes that carry urine to bladder Composed of fibrous muscle and mucus coat so they can contract

9. Bladder Holds urine until released Controlled by two sphincter muscles Make urination voluntary Can hold up to 600 ml of urine

10. Urethra Tube from which urine is released. In males: roughly 8 inches long Females: 1.5 inches long

11. To Sum it all up: Crash Course Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtrYotjYvtU

12. Diseases of the Urinary System

13. 5 Diseases Chronic Kidney Disease Cystitis Interstitial Cystitis Urinary Tract Infection Kidney Stones

14. Chronic Kidney Disease Caused by: Diabetes and High Blood Pressure Immune system conditions Urinary Tract infections Congenital defects Drugs and toxins Symptoms: Less urination, edema, fatigue, loss of appetite, random weight loss, nausea, and headaches Treatment: Diet and exercise Blood pressure medication Overall healthy lifestyle Regular doctors visits

15. Cystitis Caused by: Bacterial infections (UTI) Reaction to certain drugs Radiation therapy Potential irritants Symptoms: A strong, persistent urge to urinate A burning sensation when urinating Passing frequent, small amounts of urine Blood in the urine (hematuria) Passing cloudy or strong-smelling urine Discomfort in the pelvic area Low-grade fever Treatment: Antibiotics

16. Interstitial Cystitis Caused by: a defect in the protective lining (epithelium) of the bladder autoimmune reaction Heredity Infection allergy Symptoms: Pain in your pelvis Frequent urination, often of small amounts Pain during sexual intercourse Treatments: physical therapy oral medication

17. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Caused by: Bacteria entering urinary tract Symptoms: A strong, persistent urge to urinate A burning sensation when urinating Passing frequent, small amounts of urine Urine that appears cloudy Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine Strong-smelling urine Pelvic pain, in women Rectal pain, in men Treatments: Antibiotics

18. Kidney Stones Caused by: Urine becomes concentrated Symptoms: Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity Pain while urinating Pink, red or brown urine Cloudy or foul-smelling urine Nausea and vomiting Persistent urge to urinate Urinating more often than usual Fever and chills if an infection is present Treatments: Pain medication (to pass kidney stone) Drink plenty of water