1. Prepared by: Henry Paik, Huy Nguyen, Mathew Mellert, Scott Parker, and Thomas Washburn

2. - History - Demographics - Members and Community - Religious and Spiritual Beliefs - Social beliefs and cultural patterns - Current Concerns, Issues and Challenges

3. Founded by Jakop Ammann in 1693 Started in Switzerland and Germany In early 1800’s started coming to America Settled in Berks County Pennsylvania

4. ● Advancements in technology in 1860’s ● 1940’s population of 13,000 ● 1990’s population of 128,145 ● 2013 population of 281,675 ● Spreads to 27 states and Ontario Canada

6. Men: Married men and single men Women: Universal throughout the community Children: Reciprocated or very similar

7. - Bible Study - Living free of sins - Greatly value humility, family, and their community - Singing

8. ● Protestant denomination ○ Similar to Christianity ○ God ○ The Bible ○ Humility is the main determinant to most questions

9. Nearly all actions and practices are defended by Bible scripture Epistemological view: Religious Faith

10. Hochmut Pride Arrogance Haughtiness Demut humility Calmness Composure

11. Large Families Simplicity The Amish do speak English, but choose to speak a German dialect or Pennsylvania Dutch amongst themselves.

12. Amish population Ordnung Community Political beliefs Rumspringa Shunning

13. Language Education Appearance Modern conveniences Government programs Marriage Funerals

14. Funerals – simple Baptisms (17-20 years old) Beards signify married men No instruments during service Do not try to convert

15. - Modern Appliances and Technology - Cars and Tractor - Education

16. - Outside Culture - Marriage - Amish Mafia