1. Gender & Education GIRLS HAVE AN EDGE AT PRACTICALLY EVERY LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School College Graduate School & Professional School Boys twice as likely to be held back a grade. Girls outperform boys in reading and writing; the gap has been closing pretty dramatically in science

2. Gender & Education GIRLS HAVE AN EDGE AT PRACTICALLY EVERY LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School College Graduate School & Professional School Decline in girls’ skills, but much of this attributed to huge self-esteem collapse Boys have a self-esteem drop too, but they start at higher levels

3. Gender & Education GIRLS HAVE AN EDGE AT PRACTICALLY EVERY LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School College Graduate School & Professional School Girls more likely to take biology and chemistry, more Carnegie units (usually more language/arts) Girls more likely to take AP exams and do better

4. Gender & Education GIRLS HAVE AN EDGE AT PRACTICALLY EVERY LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School College Graduate School & Professional School Girls do more community service Girls outnumber boys in student government, honor societies, school newspapers, debating clubs and are catching up with boys in sports

5. Gender & Education GIRLS HAVE AN EDGE AT PRACTICALLY EVERY LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School College Graduate School & Professional School Girls more likely to enroll in college right after HS Majority of undergrads are women and outnumber men by nearly 3:2 Women more likely to graduate; female athletes better than male

6. Gender & Education GIRLS HAVE AN EDGE AT PRACTICALLY EVERY LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School College Graduate School & Professional School Girls have higher aspirations both into college and beyond it. Majority of graduate students are women Majority of professional students are men

7. Gender & Education Why Does Jane Read And Write So Well? > 9th HSAABAMAPhD MD/ JD Women’s Earnings Relative To Similarly Educated Men’s Earnings (2005 CPS)

8. Gender & Education Why Does Jane Read And Write So Well? Reference-Group Theory “But I’m Better Than Other Women” Pollyanna Hypothesis “That’s Not My Struggle Anymore” Social Powerlessness “Gotta Get My B.A. to get my Mrs.” Sex-Role Socialization “That’s How I’m Raised”