1. Early Greece and the Bronze Age Ancient Greece

2. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory – History

3. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic and other prehistorical categories – History

4. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories – History

5. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history of human existence – History

6. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history of human existence – History Begins with evidence

7. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history of human existence – History Begins with evidence – Material

8. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history of human existence – History Begins with evidence – Material (bones, buildings, pots, etc.)

9. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history of human existence – History Begins with evidence – Material (bones, buildings, pots, etc.) – Textual

10. Greece – Bronze age Origins of civilization – Prehistory Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other prehistorical categories Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history of human existence – History Begins with evidence – Material (bones, buildings, pots, etc.) – Textual (writing on metal, stone, bones, other media)

11. Greece – Bronze age Major periods of Greek history: – Ancient history Neolithic 5000-2500 Bronze age 2500-1100 Dark age / Iron age 1100-700 – Archaic Period 700-500 – Classical Period 500-350 – Hellenistic Period 350-150 – Roman Period 150bc – 31bc

12. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:

13. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic

14. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic – Bronze

15. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic – Bronze – Iron

16. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) – Bronze – Iron

17. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) ~ 5000-2500 bc – Bronze – Iron

18. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) ~ 5000-2500 bc – Bronze – Iron

19. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) ~ 5000-2500 bc – Bronze Technological advance in metallurgy – Iron

20. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) ~ 5000-2500 bc – Bronze Technological advance in metallurgy Lasts till the late second to early first millennium – Iron

21. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) ~ 5000-2500 bc – Bronze Technological advance in metallurgy Lasts till the late second to early first millennium – Iron Another technological advance in metallurgy

22. Greece – Bronze age 3 ages we deal with in ancient history: – Neolithic ( = new stone age) ~ 5000-2500 bc – Bronze Technological advance in metallurgy Lasts till the late second to early first millennium – Iron Another technological advance in metallurgy Names based on materials in common use – assume overlap

23. Greece – Bronze age Comparative history (cf. timeline in your text)

24. Greece – Bronze age Comparative history (cf. timeline in your text) Ages & civilizations Western civilizationEastern civilization MesopotamiaEgyptGreeceChinaIndia Neolithic~5000-2500 FloodOld kingdom / pyramids Preminoan / Minoan Indus valley civilization Bronze~2900-1100~3150-1100~3000-1100~3100-771~3300-1200 Sumer / Akkad / Hammurabi Middle and new kingdoms / Exodus (Minoan / Mycenaean civilizations) Shang / Western Zhou Harappan civilization Iron~1100-500~1300-500 ~1300’s OR ~500’s ~1200-180 Hittite, Assyria, Babylon New kingdom / last pharaohs Rise of polis / archaic and classical ages Western Zhou / Eastern Zhou Iron age vedic civilization

25. Greece – Bronze age Material remains give their names to this relative epochal dating system

26. Greece – Bronze age Material remains give their names to this relative epochal dating system Historicity relies on historiography

27. Greece – Bronze age Material remains give their names to this relative epochal dating system Historicity relies on historiography – Advent of hellenism in Greece (500’s sq.) – Writing in any language is necessary

28. Greece – Bronze age Early Bronze Age – 3000-2000bc – Crete and mainland Greece: civilization rises because of contact with palace-kingdoms of the East – 4 th millennium bc: Rise of civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt

29. Greece – Bronze age Early Bronze Age – 3000-2000bc – Crete and mainland Greece: civilization rises because of contact with palace-kingdoms of the East – 4 th millennium bc: Rise of civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt – Early bronze-age culture in Greece exists – the Aegean peoples

30. Greece – Bronze age Bronze age civilizations: – Cycladic (>2200-1800<) – Minoan (>1900-1600) – Mycenaean (1600-1100)

31. Greece – Bronze age Middle Bronze Age 2000-1600bc – Early bronze-age peoples replaced by Indo- Europeans (cf. language) Early Greek speakers A fused Hellenic culture dependent on civilization: – Herders, farmers – Metallurgy – Pottery and clothmaking Patrilineal and Patriarchal

32. Greece – Bronze age Sources: – Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890) (Troy and Mycenae) – Sir Arthur Evans (1851-1941) (Cnossus)

33. Greece – Bronze age Minoans – Crete a land of city-states (3000- 1900) – 1900: first palace; 1700: second palace – Palace is political, economic, and administrative center; focus of state and religious ceremony

34. Greece – Bronze age Minoans – Palace economy: redistribution and trade Requires record: WRITING (Linear A) – Art and Architecture Color, painting, and bulls – Eruption of Thera (1628bc)

35. Greece – Bronze age Mycenaeans – Late Bronze Age – 1600-1100bc – Chiefs evolve into monarchs – Shaft graves shift to tholos tombs – Cretan takeover: 1450bc – 1375bc: Mycenae becomes the dominant center in Greece – Mycenaean palace system, again requires WRITING: Linear B

36. Greece – Bronze age Mycenaeans – Walled citadels Focus on megaron (long rectangular hall) – Separate small kingdoms – Reach their zenith 1400-1200 – In literature, the generations of the heroes (leading up to and including the heroes of the Trojan war) Cf. king lists

37. Greece – Bronze age Minoan and Mycenaean religion – Gods and goddesses – Honored with processions, music, dance – Propitiated with gifts and sacrifice Animal sacrifice Human sacrifice – Pantheon (be familiar with the big 12!)

38. Greece – Bronze age Warfare – Wanax – warrior king Heavy armor – Soldiers: large shields, bronze daggers and swords, two spears, bows and arrows – Mycenaean chariot

39. Greece – Bronze age Decline of bronze age Greece – 1200-1100 : devastation – Sea peoples? Dorians? – Greece settles into the “Dark Age” (1100-700bc)

40. Greek sources and the Bronze age Homeric epics: Iliad and Odyssey (You MUST be familiar with these) Hesiod: – Theogony (to understand religion and tradition of literature for the rest of the Greek material) – Works & days 109-201 (cf. West’s edition) Herodotus (Finley, 29-31) Thucydides (Finley, 218-225)