1. Jean Piaget Swiss Biologist Cognitive Psychologist Most Psychological work done in 50’s & 60”s Awarded the APA distinguished Scientist award in 1969 Legend of Piaget with his son

2. Piaget’s Learning Model Cyclical Nature of Learning Discomfort is Motivating Teaching & Accommodations Challenge vs. Frustrate Schemes New Situations EquilibrationAssimilation DisequilibrationAccommodation New Situations Equilibration Disequilibration Accommodation

3. Stages of Cognitive Development Generally Orderly & Sequential Certain skills & abilities precede others Important for choosing material Generally Gradual, almost imperceptible Only noticed over spans of time Individual Variation Describes vast populations not individuals

4. Sensorimotor Stage Ages 0-2 Characteristics of this Stage Interactions with the environment Sensory input vital to development Sight, Sound, Touch, Smell, Taste Colors, Lullabies, Teddy Bears, Powder, Baby food

5. Sensorimotor Stage (Cont.) Cognitive Challenges Object Permanence “Out of sight out of mind” If outside of the sensory experience, then it does not exist Goal-Directed Actions Movement is the same as Cognition to Piaget Pulling a cup of gravy over onto their head

6. Infant Milestones 3 MONTHS5-6 MONTHS10 MONTHS18 MONTHS EMOTIONS Some emotions like fear and contentment are experienced from birth. Here's what follows: Opening up : Infants develop deliberate responses and a calm interest in people, smiling at those around them. Diversifying: As they interact more with the outside world, babies display emotions like surprise, joy and frustration. Gazing: Babies begin to follow their parents' gazes to understand what they are interested in. Acting out: Toddlers become more self-aware, and may experience complex emotions such as pride or defiance. SOCIAL SKILLS Learning to play with others can be tough. Here's what to watch out for as your baby grows: Attention and Regulation: Does your baby turn to look at you when you make sounds and facial expressions? Engagement and relating: Does your baby seem happy or pleased when she sees her favorite people? Emotional interactions: Does he try to catch your eye or initiate engagement, such as reaching out to be picked up? Problem solving: Does your toddler seek you out to meet his needs, such as asking you to hold his hand? HELPFUL GAMES Try these activities for 15 to 20 minutes at a time when your baby is most alert: Look and listen: Talk to your baby as you slowly move your animated face right or left, trying to capture his attention. Smiling game: Use words and funny facial expressions to get your baby to break into a big smile. Funny-sound game: Notice the sounds and expressions your baby makes and playfully mirror them back to him. Working together: Create a problem that your child needs help to solve; involve her favorite toy. SOURCES: CHARLES A. NELSON, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL; DAVID AMARAL, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVID; AMIE ASHLEY HANE, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK; "BABY HEARTS: A GUIDE TO GIVING YOUR CHILD AN EMOTIONAL HEAD START" BY SUSAN GOODWYN AND LINDA ACREDOLO; "THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL GUIDE TO YOUR CHILD'S HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT"

7. Preoperational Stage Ages 2-7 Characteristics of this stage Operations An action done mentally An internalized thought Semiotic Functions Symbol-Reality correlation Symbolic Play Language Development

8. Preoperational Stage (Cont.) Cognitive Challenges (overhead) Reversible Thinking Conservation Tasks Decentering Over-attention of one dimension (Height) Ego-Centrism Collective Monologues Double-chair technique

9. Concrete Operations Ages 7-11 Characteristics of this stage Hands-on Thinking Conservation Reasoning Identity- “That’s what water does! Duh!” Reversibility- “Well, if you poured that water back…” Compensation- “Yeah, but this one is wider too.” Manipulatives Felt Pizza for fractions.

10. Concrete Operations (Cont.) Cognitive Challenges Classification Grouping according to like characteristics Baseball Cards, bugs, Barbie dolls,… Serration Ordering from smallest to largest, most to least,… Fastest in the class, Smartest in the class, …

11. Formal Operations Ages 11 and up Characteristics of this stage Abstract thought Taste & Beauty Clothes, music, food,... Adolescent Ego-Centrism Spotlighting Aware of others but “self” is valued more.

12. Formal Operations Cognitive Challenges Reasoning skills Compare ----------- Contrast Induction ----------- Deduction Analyze ------------- Synthesize

13. Piaget in General How do Piaget’s stages inform the “Challenge but don’t frustrate” question? Appropriate? Readiness? Risk of Frustration? Risk of not challenging?

14. Limitations of Piaget Underestimates Children’s Abilities Stages are not consistent Culture and Environment not emphasized