1. Body Systems

2. Learning Expectations
1.1 Distinguish between anatomy and
physiology.
1.2 Investigate the structure of the major
body systems and relate the functions.
1.3 Investigate the major body cavities and
the subdivisions of each cavity.
1.4 Apply correct anatomical terminology of
body parts and regions.

3. Overview ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body
PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body
ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward.
HOMEOSTASIS-
pp. 2, 11

4. Many Levels of Structural Organization
Chemical level- Atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular level- reflect their particular functions in the body
Tissue level- Consist of groups of similar cells (epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural)
Organ level- two or more tissue types making an organ with complex function
Organ system level- group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose (example: cardiovascular system with heart and blood vessels)

5. Organ Systems Overview
ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive

6. Worksheet Handout #1and 2

7. Alert! Test Friday

8. Analyze anatomical position.
Activity: Assume the anatomical position.
comment on how that position differs from the “usual” standing position
explain why knowing this position is important to precisely identify anatomical terms and physiological processes.

9. Anatomic Terminology Position and Directional Terms
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of
POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of
CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body
CAUDAL – means tail end
SUPERIOR – upper or above something
INFERIOR – lower or below something
MEDIAL – toward the middle
LATERAL – toward the side of the body
PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body
DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body
SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body
DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

10. Body Planes and Sections
PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes
SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane
1. SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts
2. CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at
right angles to saggital plane, divides the body
into anterior and posterior portions
3. TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a
horizontal cut that divides the body into upper
and lower parts

11. Three Major Planes When a section or cut is made through
the body wall or an organ, it is made
along an imaginary line called a plane.
What kind of section would have to be made to cut the brain into right and left parts?
What kind of section would have to be made to divide the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts?
What is a cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts?

12. Cavities of the Body
DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY.
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

13. Alert! Study the “Body Cavity” quiz on Wednesday

14. Body Cavities 1 2 3 5
Label the diagram

15. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions

16. Activity
Body Systems Worksheet #3 and #4