1. THE EFFECTS OF 11-CIS VACCENYL ACETATE AND 11-HEPTACOSADIENE ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER By Jonathan Tam

2. Insect Based Diseases  Fleas, Lice, Mosquitoes and Ticks – most responsible for infectious diseases in the United States  Plague, transmitted through Fleas. Malaria, transmitted through Mosquitoes  5 th cause of most deaths in world  1.3 million killed in 2002 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/pla gue/world98.htm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki pedia/commons/c/cb/Malaria_g eographic_distribution_2003.png

3. Pheromone  Any chemical messenger that affects behavior or development of other individuals of the same species http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pheromones.html#Queen _mandibular_pheromone

4. 11-cis vaccenyl acetate and 11-heptacosadiene  Drosophila sex pheromones  11 – cis vaccenyl acetate  Secreted through ejaculation by males  Aggregation behavior  Known to have effects on both males and females  11 – heptacosadiene  Secreted before mating by females  Aggregation behavior

5. Drosophila Lush  Kim, 1998  Proposed existent of Lush Flies after genetic differences with the Lush gene – olfactory organs  10 flies in odorant traps of 60 different volatile organic compounds  Traps with concentrations of ethanol, propanol and butanol were the only ones successful

6. Literature Review 1  Ping Xu, 2005  Reinitiate Effect of 11 – Cis Vaccenyl Acetate on Drosophila by adding Protein to Food Cultures  Insensitivity to 11 – Cis Vaccenyl Acetate  Inactivity of trichoid neurons in Drosophila

7. Literature Review 2  Ha and Smith, 2006  Locate the Sensilla in the Antennae missing for 11 – Cis Vaccenyl Acetate detection  Receptors – T1Sensilla, T1 neurons responsible for sensitivity

8. Literature Review 3  Savarit, 2002  Examined the reaction of 11- heptacosadiene that males had  11-heptacosadiene proved to be a similar aggregation pheromone

9. Purpose  The purpose of this experiment is to quantify the effects of 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate and 11- heptacosadiene as pheromone baiting agents over natural food attractants

10. Hypothesis  Hypothesis 1A – 11-heptacosadiene will have a significant effect on the number of flies aggregated in a given location.  Hypothesis 2A – 11-cis vaccenyl acetate will have a significant effect on the number of flies aggregated in a given location.  Hypothesis 1N and 2N – In the presence of a natural food source, no change will be exhibited in the aggregation of Drosophila melanogaster

11. Methodology Drosophila melanogaster (Wild Type) Data will be taken by counting the number of flies drawn to each substance of the maze 12 males and 12 females to be put into a T-shaped maze T-shaped maze will have 3 end points – a 10 mg sample of 11 – heptacosadiene, 11 – cis vaccenyl acetate and banana An egg count will be performed among the flies collected at each end point. Statistical Analysis – One way anova and post-hoc scheffe test

12. T-shaped Maze Not Drawn to Scale 11-cis vaccenyl acetate Banana 11-heptacosadiene Insertion Point

13. Do-Ability  Organisms are readily available  Experience with Methods of Data Collection  Chemicals and Materials can be purchased

14. Budget Sheet

15. Bibliography Ha, Tal Soo and Smith, Dean P. “A Pheromone Receptor Mediates 11-cis-Vaccenyl acetate-induced Responses in Drosophila. 23 August 2006. Department of Pharmacology and Center for Basic Neurosciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. 3 May 2009 "Pheromones - Types." Medindia - Medical/Health Website. 17 May 2009. "Pheromones." RCN New York City. 17 May 2009. ScienceDaily. "Unique Pheromone Detection System Uncovered." Science Daily. 27 June 2008. UT Southwestern Medical Center. 3 May 2009. ScienceDaily. "One Missing Gene Leads to Fruitless Mating Rituals." Science Daily. 25 July 2008. Duke University Center. 3 May 2009. Seybold, Steven J and Donaldson, Susan. “Pheromones in Insect Pest Management.” University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. 1995. University of Nevada 3 May 2009 Xu, Pingxi. "A Drosophila OBP Required for Pheromone Signaling." Science. 4 November 2005.Eppendorf Essays on Science and Society. 3 May 2009 Voght, RG. “Molecular Basis of Pheromone Detection in Insects.” Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Volume 3, Endocrinology. 2005. Elsevier. 3 May 2009 Wagner, C Michael, Jones, Michael L, Twohey, Michael B and Sorensen, Peter W. “A field test verifies that pheromones can be useful for sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes.” Rapid Communications. 14 January 2006. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. 3 May 2009 "Wake Up and Smell The Pheromones." The Rockefeller University - Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior. 20 Jan. 2005. 17 May 2009.