1. 5.5

2. Movement In the last lesson we looked at how different joints allow different levels and types of movement. Here we will look at this in more detail. When we talk about movement at joints we refer to the terms flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction.

3. Flexion and extension Flexion: A bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts. Eg. Bending the elbow, or clenching your hand into a fist. Extension: The opposite of flexion, a straightening movement that increases the angle between two parts.

4. Abduction and adduction Imagine a line drawn the centre of your body. Abduction is a sideways movement of a limb, out from the centre line. Adduction is a sideways movement, towards and even across the centre line.

5. Rotation and Circumduction Both circular movements. Rotation: A turning movement around an imaginary line eg. Turning your head. Circumduction: The end of a bone moves in a circle. Eg. Cricket bowling.

6. Movements possible Shoulder Joint: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction Elbow Joint: Flexion and extension Hip Joint: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation Knee Joint: Flexion and extension