1. TEMS Training
Jakarta, 16 Desember 2006

2. Data Mentor Nama : Andu Hanindyo
Posisi Terakhir : Drive Test dan IBS Engineer
Spesialis : In Building Solution, Drive Test
Pengalaman Kerja :
: Drive test engineer untuk Indosat, Telkomsel
: IBS Engineer untuk Telkomsel, site audit

3. INTRODUCTION
what’s TEMS
TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLS
drive testing highlight
mode of drive test
scan
TEMS to see how the network runs
the use
what to see what to measure
cases
guidelines

4. Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS
TEMS = Test Mobile System
Product by ERICSSON
Solution Tools for Wireless Network to Plan, optimized,
and expand their systems.
A Test tool use to read and control information sent over the air
Interface between the base station and the mobile station in GSM
/cellular system. It can also used for radio coverage measurement

5. Network Performance Management
Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS
Product of TEMS
Network Monitoring
TEMS Transmitter
TEMS Light
TEMS Indoor
TEMS Investigation
TEMS Deskcat
TEMS Drive Tester
TEMS Pocket
TEMS Automatic
TEMS CellPlanner
TEMS LinkPlanner
Network Planning
TEMS Automatic
TEMS CellSight
TEMS Visualization
Real Time Diagnosis
Network Performance Management

6. Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS

7. Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS
TEMS
TEMS INVESTIGATION
Software
Handset

8. Introduction
WHAT’S TEMS
TEMS Investigation version:
TEMS Classic/98 : SH888; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
TEMS 2 : R230; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
TEMS 3 : R520; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
TEMS 4 : T68; export from TEMS
TEMS 5 : T610; export from TEMS
TEMS 6 : various handset; data collection & route analysis
TEMS 7 : various handset; data collection & route analysis

9. DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
As Drive Test Tools
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
Drive Test = Testing the network in particular area
to give the real picture of the network’s
performance on the field, with a certain tools.
Drive Test
Planning
Michael pipikakis
Evaluating and Improving
The Quality of Service of
Second Generation Cellular
System
September,2004
Implementation
Optimization

10. As Drive Test Tools
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
Drive test
TEMS

11. DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
As Drive Test Tools
Laptop
TEMS
Handset
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
Drive Test Equipments
Notes :
-power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and MS
-GPS should use external antenna
-MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna.
(Use external antenna means measure RxLevel “Pedestrian / Street Level”)
(Not use external antenna means measure RxLevel “ In car level) -> more realistic result
If using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen and stable during drive test

12. Dedicated / Continuous / Long Call Mode
As Drive Test Tools
MODE OF DRIVE TEST
Dedicated / Continuous / Long Call Mode
Making continuous call along drive test activity.
Before starting the route, call the drive test number, ex. 199 for Telkomsel,
And only stop the call when the route (drive test) finish.
To see the quality and coverage of the network

13. As Drive Test Tools MODE OF DRIVE TEST Idle Mode
Along the drive test activity, the MS is “ON” but no call occur
To see the coverage of the network

14. Sequential / Qos / Short Call Mode
As Drive Test Tools
MODE OF DRIVE TEST
Sequential / Qos / Short Call Mode
Creating the sequence of call along the drive test activity
Before starting the route create call sequence, for example:
Create call for 70 s and idle for 10 s.
Along the drive test, play this sequence until the route is finished
To see the real network performance run, when people call

15. As Drive Test Tools SCAN one of TEMS feature
scan all or selected frequencies on the selected spot or route
to find the clearest frequency
Application of frequency plan
to find the best frequency to be use in the site
to identify interference adjacent channel and co channel
Clean Frequency

16. To See How the Network Runs
THE USE
In PLANNING works:
Drive Test Before Installation
Perform drive test before “our” network implemented. This data later will be compared with drive test after implementation, to justify.
Drive Test Before SWAP
Before swap (change operator network), drive testing needed to compare the current network with the network after swap. To justify the new network is better than before.
Drive Test Benchmarking
Drive test the whole area for the whole active networks, before ‘our’ network implemented. So when ‘our’ network implemented, can be competed well.
etc

17. To See How the Network Runs
THE USE
In Implementation Works:
Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive Test
Initiate the drive test after a site on-air. Make sure that site perform well after on-air.
Test Call New Site
Conducting tests call at a new “On-Air” site, to justify the performance of a site just after “On-Air”.
Drive Test Upgrade/Expand TRX
After implement new TRX or expand TRX, a drive test performed to justify that site working well with the new TRX.
Drive Test SFH/Hopping implementation
After implement SFH/hopping in the network, a drive test performed to justify that this hopping solution working well with the whole network.
etc

18. To See How the Network Runs THE USE
In Optimization works:
Drive Test Handover/ Add & Delete neighbors
Drive test conducted after there’s changing in neighbours database. Make sure the “add” really added and the “delete” really deleted.
Drive Test before & after Downtilt
Downtilt conducting, to get better coverage from each antenna. Drive test performed to make sure the better coverage from each angle changed.
Drive Test Network Audit
Performing drive test activity to maintain the whole network. Could be an annual work.
Drive Test Benchmark
performing drive test to get justification about ‘our’ network. Can compete or not. With comparing the whole network including 'us’ in drive test.
Drive Test troubleshooting
Drive test for special troubleshooting case. Such as, a site that cannot handover from sites surround it, a site that cannot transmit good signal and cannot achieve its coverage.
etc,

19. How TEMS works?
Several measurement is only available and recorded in idle mode (C1,C2 etc)
Several measurement is only available and recorded in dedicated mode (RxQual, SQI, FER etc)
This is happen because of GSM system network works, not because setting in TEMS
There are several option/feature can be activated by user (force handover, lock handover etc) which change TEMS measurement behavior
IMPORTANT NOTICE :
In GSM network there are a lot of parameters which change the network behavior, it is make the network very flexible.
Due to this reason, TEMS has ability to monitor network with parameters on (FULL mode) and with parameters off (SUB mode) for such as RxLev and RxQual.

20. When using FULL measurement result?
Whenever we want to see BTS parameters settings works at live network
DTX off
When using SUB measurement result ?
Whenever we want to see BTS works without parameters
DTX on
How TEMS measure FULL or SUB measurement?
TEMS record both SUB and FULL measurement at the same time and at the same log files, it is just need to set what we wan to see in replay mode.
FULL
SUB
LOG FILE

21. To See How the Network Runs
WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE
Parameters to See
1. RxLevel
Level of Received signal strength. In dBm or Steps. If the value in form of step substract 110 to the value to get dBm value.
RxLevel is received power level at MS (maximum RxLevel measured by MS is (±)– 40 dBm

22. 2. RxQual
Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate).
The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.
Better

23. 3. SQI
The parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality.
SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure.
SQI computation considers the factors:
the bit error rate (BER)
the frame erasure rate (FER)
data on handover events
statistics on the distribution of these parameters
Better

24. To See How the Network Runs
WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE
4. Others
FER
Frame erasure rate
BCCH-BSIC
Hopping
SFH
C/I
Interference TA
Time Advance C1
Path loss criterion parameter C2
Cell reselection criterion parameter in hierarchical cell structure

25. 4. Others
FER  Frame erasure rate; See on “Radio Parameter” windows
ARFCN BCCH-BSIC  Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of Broadcast Control Channel.
 Base Station Identity Code
 Important data of a site
Hopping  Indicating if SFH implemented. See on “Current Channel” windows, on ‘hopping channel, hopping frequencies, MAIO, HSN’
C/I
 The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between the signal strength of the current serving cell and the signal strength of undesired (interfering) signal components. The C/I measurement function built into TEMS Investigation enables the identification of frequencies that are exposed to particularly high levels of interference, something which comes in useful in the verification and optimization of frequency plans. TA
 Timing Advance. Valid only in dedicated mode. ; To measure the distance of MS from serving cell. Valid only in dedicated mode. See on “Radio Parameter” windows.
C1  criteria used for cell selection and cell reselection
C2  criteria used for cell reselection

26. To See How the Network Runs CASES
The examples of How Drive Test can see a Network runs.

27. To See How the Network Runs CASES
BTS Down
Get in to the site (whether it’s new or existing), then see on TEMS display,
At parameters BCCH, BSIC. If the intended site’s BCCH doesn’t appear, the site is Down
If we don’t have the site data. We can go the exact position of the site, near/under the antenna.
Then see if on the serving cell, the Rxlev is good ( above -60 dBm)

28. To See How the Network Runs CASES
2. Handover
We need to check the handover between sector1 of Site A to sector3 of Site B.
We start at the Site A. Check the parameters on TEMS. Make sure the serving cell now
Is from the sector1 of site A. See the neighbour, if the sector3 of site B appear.
Start the drive test, with dedicated mode, to site B sector3 (specified the route first).
The handover should be occur along this drive test. If it’s not, note this as a problem.
See any possibility of the problem, such as:
the neighbour not appear, possibility haven’t been created
there’s other site between
there’s obstacle
Then do the opposite, start from sector3 Site B to sector1 Site A.

29. To See How the Network Runs CASES
3. Swap Feeder
There’s a possibility that we have bad installation, for example swap feeder.
Swap feeder occur when the installation switch by mistake, for example the feeder to sector1
Became to sector 2, from BTS.
We can see this from drive test.
For example, we have a site with 2 sectors, with a road in front it, to be covered.
We should have the data of this site, such as the BCCH of each sectors.
We start the drive test from sector 1 to sector 2. While we’re on sector1 coverage, see if the
BCCH of serving cell is the correct one, according to the data we have.
And do the opposite from sector 2 coverage to sector1
sect2
sect1

30. To See How the Network Runs CASES
4. Overshoot
When we get the signal from the site that not close to the current area drive test.
Usually we get bad RxQual and long/bigger TA.
We can suspect this as a overshoot case. This case happen when a site/cell is serving far
away from its area.

31. Guidelines Drive Test Types Drive Test Continuous Route
Drive Test is walk/ drive along the route non stop
Hot Spots Measurement
Drive Test only at certain spot (usually critical point), TEMS standing still, no movement for 1-5 minutes but still recording.
Usually for scanning frequency or to investigate more detailed network behaviour

32. Guidelines Drive Test Guideline Preparation
Don’t go to the field without a good preparation. Prepare the tools completeness, maps, cars, scenarios, sites data, knowing area we are heading to.
Check Tools
Beside checking the tools completeness. Also check each tools if it’s working well, such as the GPS, inverter, handset, including SIM card.
Some Rules
- Avoid to have the same route twice, or go on the same road twice.
- Beware of certain area, such as restricted area, one way street, traffic jam streets.
- Create simple/effective way of scenarios, where to start until finishing the route.
- Good cooperation with driver.
- Make sure the roads on the route, can represent the whole network as samples.
Pay Attention
Even if we’re only collecting data, we must focus on our activity. Avoid the things that can make us re-drive test , such as, data cable unplugged from its MS, forget to turn-off the GPRS mode when we don’t need GPRS to measure, run out GPS batteries, forget to record, forget the purpose of the drive test, assure the data collected is right, pay attention of car speed, create notes for special events, etc.
Reporting and Analysis
TEMS can divided as two, data collection and analysis. After drive test on the field, we must provide data to be analyze and reported. Make sure we can create a good report and analyze well, by performing all of the points above.

33. Guidelines Reporting Guidelines
Drive test report basically can be divided as two: Plot and Statistic.
BCCH: 59
logfile
floor
RxLevel Average
% RxQual Data
= 0
BRI1 1
93%
BRI2 2
98%
BRI3 3
87%
Statistics
Plot

34. Before we can create the report, make sure we have the right standard for each value reported. Such as how many ranges the treshold of RxLevel, and RxQual. The color ranges of SQI and FER, etc.
Export the right data for Plotting. To create Plot report, for example we need the logfile to be mapinfo files. Make sure we have TEMS 4 above, that can directly export the logfile into mapinfo file. Or, if we have TEMS 3 below, make sure we have third-party software that can create it, such as GIMS.

35. format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.
For statistic report, usually we only need the excel file and some of mapinfo data.
Each version of TEMS investigation can export the logfile into text file, *.fmt. This
format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.
Following the standard report of the customers.
Ms id
TIME
FRAME
POSITION
MESSAGE TYPE
HEXADECIMAL STRING
LAT
LON
MS1
15:41.7 S E
PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1
0F 0F F4 30 A2 DB CC 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B
15:43.1 E
0F 0F F0 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B
15:44.5 E
PAGING REQUEST TYPE 3
0F 0F 4D C3 AC C2 33 8E 30 C3 0F AF 30 C3 16 3E 83 2B 2B
15:45.9 E
0F 0F F4 30 C3 9B 1A F4 30 C3 AD 45 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B
15:46.1 S
IDLE MODE REPORT
0E CF E2 00 0C D D DA 0F CB D DA 0E F 46 80
15:47.3 E
0F 0F F4 30 C2 D0 1B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

36. Layer 3 Messages
To Monitor the event and signaling sent and received by Phone
List Messages of event and signaling
Often use in analysis, after Drive Test
completed
-Replay the logfile, click a point on the
route marker on map window,
then see on layer 3 messages windows,
detailed information on the
associated messages appears in this window
-Can double-click each list message from
that window to open a new window
displaying the full contents of the message.

37. Scanning Function inside TEMS
TEMS Investigation supports scanning of radio frequency carriers (channels),
using either a ordinary TEMS mobile station or a dedicated frequency scanner mobile, the TEMS Scanner.
Scanning is handled from the Frequency Scanner window, and here the output of the scan is displayed, too

38. Scanning Function inside TEMS
BCCH
BSIC
Average Rx Level (dBm) 51 35
-104 52 -
-115 53 26
-110 54
-114 55
-105 56 57
-111 58 59 60 61 62
-113 63 64 65 66 15 67 68 69 70

39. Scanning Function inside TEMS Procedure:
In the Frequency Scanner window, choose the unit to use as scanner in the combo box.
Click the Measurement Settings button.
The channel selection is handled from the Scanned channels tab:
Selecting Channels
Checking "Decode BSIC" causes the Base Station Identity Code to be decoded. It will be shown in the table to the right in the Frequency Scanner window

40. Scanning Function inside TEMS
Performing Scan
Presenting Scan
To start scanning, click the Start Scanning button.
While the scanning is going on, the status bar shows the padlock symbol , indicating that the scanner is busy.
To stop scanning, click the Stop Scanning button.
Bar Chart
Line Chart
Table

41. Scanning Function inside TEMS
BCCH
BSIC
Average Rx Level (dBm) 51 35
-104 52 -
-115 53 26
-110 54
-114 55
-105 56 57
-111 58 59 60 61 62
-113 63 64 65 66 15 67 68 69 70
Scanning Function inside TEMS
After Process / Report
Plot
Spreedsheet
Directly capture
Export to Mapinfo
Export to text (.fmt), open and process with Excel spreedsheet

42. HINTS for MS:
Life time MS measurement equipment maximum 1 year, if more than 1 year need to be re-calibrate
Calibration MS’s cost almost the same price buy a new one
Ericsson only support 2 version below for re-calibrate (eq : latest version is TEMS 7.0, means only can re-calibrate handset at version 5)
If MS not calibrated or buy a new one, it will impact into the measurement (such as RxLevel and RxQual) will reduced and not valid => KPI will not achived
TEMS always have bugs (even latest version) both coming from software or from type MS itself, need knowledge to anticipated it (such as wrong RxLevel recorded)

43. HINTS for PC/Laptop:
PC which use for TEMS should turn off any usage of COM, IR, bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
any accessories attached at PC should be turn off, set PC into “Maximum Performance” at Control Panel-System
Slow PC, low memory, low HD capacity will make MS disconnected suddenly when TEMS use for a long time, same things happened if the battery of PC/laptop is too hot
Turn off power saving feature in the laptop/PC
Turn off screen saver
It would be better drive test laptop is only for do drive test not for daily routine

44. HINTS for Drive Test:
Make sure all connections cable at TEMS system is tight, as well external antenna
For indoor drive test, MS position is very crucial because some MS location can increase body loss or other losses (such as MS put behind laptop or put MS near body)
Avoid doing drive test at busy hour especially will increase loss (eq : a lot of people in the mall will increase body loss, a lot of car in the basement, traffic jam)
For 3G drive test, more user using 3G will reduce quality, do drive test at low traffic is essential
Drive test indoor need constant speed walk test (idle mode slower than dedicated mode)
Drive test outdoor should be constant and not to fast ( max 40 km/h inner city and max 60 km/h outer city)
Drive test recorded more than once at the same route (if possible) because it always given result slightly different. Take the best one as a report
Result Drive Test route for outdoor drive test should be ignored when drive test route inside tunnel, on top of fly over road, below fly over road, bridge. Pay attention that GPS can’t work well if no LOS into the sky

45. Reference Ericsson.com/tems
Michael Pipikakis, Evaluating and Improving The Quality of Service of Second Generation Cellular System, September,2004
TEMS Investigation 4.0 Manual
TEMS Investigation 2.03 Manual
TEMS Investigation 7.0 Product Description

46. END