1. EL GRECO (“The Greek,” 1541-1614), The Burial of Count Orgaz, Santo Tomé, Toledo, Spain, 1586. Oil on canvas, approx. 16’ x 12’. Spanish Mannerism, expressionism captures the fervent intensity of Spanish Catholicism. The tomb of Gonzalez Ruiz, the Count of Orgaz, who died in 1323, is at the base of the painting.

3. Detail of The Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586

4. Baroque Art 1600-1700 / 17 th Century

5. Europe in the 17 th Century. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ended the religious wars. European trade and financial markets span the globe.

6. A great source of wealth for Europe was Latin America, the main destination of the millions of people enslaved and taken out of Africa between 1500 and 1850. The U.S. received about 523,000 enslaved immigrants. Cuba alone got more than the U.S. Spanish America absorbed around 1.5 million and Brazil at least 3.5 million.

7. GIANLORENZO BERNINI (Italian, 1598-1680), David, 1623. Marble, approx. 5’ 7” high. Galleria Borghese, Rome. Bernini was influenced by Hellenistic sculpture like this one, The Dying Gaul, c. 200 BC. (Roman copy)

8. GIANLORENZO BERNINI, Self-Portrait, about 1625

9. GIANLORENZO BERNINI (Italian, 1598-1680), David, 1623. Marble, approx. 5’ 7” high. Galleria Borghese, Rome. Michelangelo, Bound Slave, c. 1513

10. MICHELANGELO, David, 1501–1504. Marble, 13’ 5” high. DONATELLO, David, 1420s-1450s, bronze, 5’ 2” high. First freestanding nude since antiquity BERNINI (Italian, 1598-1680), David, 1623. Marble, approx. 5’ 7” high. Galleria Borghese, Rome.

11. Gianlorenzo Bernini, Cornaro chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, Italy, 1645- 1652, Italian Baroque

12. BERNINI, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, Italy, 1645–1652. Marble, height of group 11’ 6”. Detail: face of Carmelite nun and Spanish Counter-Reformation saint, Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) experiencing a transfiguring coma, the so-called “Sleep of God,” in which Heaven is briefly experienced. Mystics like Teresa would pray for days, often unfed, to achieve such visions.

13. Busts of members of the family of Cardinal Federico Cornaro watch as if in balcony seats on both sides. All men, witnesses to the drama, some are praying and others are perhaps arguing the authenticity of St. Theresa’s conversion. Theresa had recently been canonized.

14. FRANCESCO BORROMINI, Chapel of Saint Ivo, College of the Sapienza, Rome, Italy, begun 1642. Italian Baroque

15. Francesco Borromini, Saint Ivo (view into dome), Rome, Italy, 1642, Italian Baroque, deeply coffered, high relief ornament, and an extension of walls Compare (above) classical forms of High Renaissance dome of Sant’Eligio degli Orefici (view into dome), Rome, Italy, attributed to BRAMANTE and RAPHAEL, ca. 1509

16. GUARINO GUARINI, Palazzo Carignano, Turin, Italy, 1679–1692. Palace (private residence) of the Princess of Carignan

17. Details (exterior & interior) GUARINO GUARINI, Palazzo Carignano, Turin, Italy, 1679–1692. Sweeping arabesques and ornamentation in deep relief that typifies Baroque architecture.

18. CARAVAGGIO (Michelangelo Merisi, Italian, 1573-1610), Conversion of Saint Paul, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome, Italy, ca. 1601. Oil on canvas, approx. 7’ 6” x 5’ 9” Use of perspective, low horizon line, and tenebrism brings the viewer into the experience. Theatricality is a hallmark of the Baroque.

19. CARAVAGGIO, Calling of Saint Matthew, Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, Italy, ca. 1597–1601. Oil on canvas, 11’ 1” x 11’ 5”. What role does light play in this painting? Detail from The Creation of Adam, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, c. 1511

20. Details (Matthew & Jesus) from Caravaggio’s Calling of St. Matthew, Italian Baroque c. 1597–1601

21. ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI (Italian, 1593-1653), Judith Slaying Holofernes, ca. 1614–1620. Oil on canvas, 6’ 6 1/3” x 5’ 4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. “Caravaggista” theatricality, tenebrism and drama Poor restoration has Removed the furrows from the women's foreheads that indicated intense concentration and effort.

22. Compare (left) Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying Holofernes (1614-29) and Caravaggio’s Judith Beheading Holofernes 1598-1599.

23. PIETRO DA CORTONA (Italian, 1596-1669), Triumph of the Barberini, ceiling fresco in the Palazzo Barberini, Rome, Italy, 1633–1639. Commissioned by Pope Urban VIII of the Barberini family. What does the fresco tell us about the Counter-Reformation?

24. DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ (Spain, 1599-1660), Water Carrier of Seville, ca. 1619 (The artist was around 20 years old.), Oil on canvas, 3’ 5 1/2” x 2’ 7 1/2”. Wellington Museum, London. Shows influence of Caravaggio. Know term: genre – the subject of the artist is the daily life of people

25. DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), 1656. Oil on canvas, approx. 10’ 5” x 9’. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

26. CARAVAGGIO, Calling of Saint Matthew, Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, Italy, ca. 1597– 1601. Oil on canvas, 11’ 1” x 11’ 5”. Compare the representation and role of light in Caravaggio and Velazquez.

27. Self-portrait of Diego Velázquez – a detail in Las Meninas. He is wearing the cross of the Order of Santiago that he was awarded in 1659. According to legend, the king himself painted the cross.

28. PETER PAUL RUBENS (Flemish, 1577-1640), Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1622–1625. Oil on canvas, approx. 5’ 1” x 3’ 9 1/2”. Louvre, Paris. One of 21 vast canvases for the queen’s new Luxembourg palace in Paris. Ostentation and elaborate spectacle

29. REMBRANDT VAN RIJN (Dutch, 1606-1669), The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (The Night Watch), 1642. Oil on canvas (cropped on left and top from original size), 11” x 14’ 4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

30. REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Self-Portrait, ca. 1659–1660. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 8 3/4” x 3’ 1”. Kenwood House, London. How is light used for psychological purposes?

31. REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children (“Hundred Guilder Print”), ca. 1649. Etching, approx. 11” x 1’ 3 1/4”. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. Etching was perfected in the early 17 th century. How is it different from engraving?

32. JAN VERMEER, Woman Holding a Balance, c. 1664; Oil on canvas, 40.3 x 35.6 cm; National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Protestant piety and prosperity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =1oYgTP0MX2U

33. Vermeer’s probable use of the camera obscura First representation of a Camera obscura, 1544 JAN VERMEER, Allegory of the Art of Painting, 1670–1675. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeRDRL57I_Q

34. HYACINTHE RIGAUD (French, 1659-1743) Louis XIV, 1701. Oil on canvas, approx. 9’ 2” x 6’ 3”. Louvre, Paris. French Baroque Art in the service of Absolutism: “The Sun King”

35. Aerial view of palace at Versailles, France, begun 1669, and a portion of the gardens and surrounding area. French Baroque

37. JULES HARDOUIN- MANSART and CHARLES LE BRUN, Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, ca. 1680.

38. Controlling nature – Gardens of Versailles

39. LOUIS LE NAIN (French Baroque era, ca. 1592-1635), Family of Country People, ca. 1640. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 8” x 5’ 2”. Louvre, Paris. Genre scene depicting the dire poverty but also the passive resignation of the French peasants