2. THE ROMAN EMPERORS

3. Information for teachers For students

4.  Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify the years which an emperor reigned, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.  Given this PowerPoint, students will name who an emperor allied with, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.  Given this PowerPoint, students will identify which emperor reigned during a certain battle or conquest, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.  Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify how an emperor died, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy. OBJECTIVES

5.  Grades 9-12  History class with basic knowledge of the Roman Empire.  Standard high school students  Middle class community TARGET AUDIENCE

6.  At home or at a computer lab alone  Quiet area conducive to learning  Access to paper/pencil to take notes if desired LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

7. MAIN MENU 3. Practice Quiz1. Emperors 4. Quiz 2. Summary Video 5. References

8. EMPERORS 1. Julius Caesar 3. Tiberius 4. Caligula 2. Augustus

9. JULIUS CAESAR

10.  Lived 100 BC – 44 BC  Reigned as emperor 46 BC – 44 BC  During this time he helped gradually transform the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. BACKGROUND

11.  The nobility in Rome was in chaos and there was a strong need for direction.  Caesar allied himself against the nobility and slowly gained power.  He became the governor of Farther Spain  Then, in 60 BC he returned to Rome and was elected consul. GAINING POWER

12.  Caesar now allied himself with Pompey, a war hero, and Crassus, a multimillionaire.  Although Pompey and Crassus were rivals, Caesar brought them together forming a powerful “first triumvirate”. FIRST TRIUMVIRATE Pompey Crassus

13.  Occurred 51 BC  By conquering Gaul, Rome’s territory was extended to the English Channel and the Rhine.  Then, they built a bridge across the Rhine and invaded Britain. CONQUEST OF GAUL The Roman Republic after Caesar’s conquests

14.  Crassus died in battle in 53 BC  Pompey was jealous of Caesar’s success so he turned on Caesar and joined the Senate in a revolt against him.  They accused Caesar of treason and insubordination. FAILING ALLIANCE

15.  Feeling threatened, Caesar took a legion of troops across the Rubicon river in to Italy in January 49 BC and started a civil war.  Caesar was victorious and was made dictator of Rome  Caesar still felt threatened, and since he had no sons he adopted his nephew Augustus to take over when he died. CIVIL WAR Augustus

16.  A group of senators, led by Marcus Brutus, assassinated Julius Caesar on the Ides of March (March 15 44 BC)  This led to a series of civil wars and then Caesar’s adopted son Augustus took over and established the Roman Empire. THE IDES OF MARCH

17. AUGUSTUS

18.  Augustus was originally named Octavius  He lived 62 BC- 14 AD  He was adopted by Caesar to be his heir  When Caesar was assassinated, Augustus took over and ruled 27 BC- 14 AD  He is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire BACKGROUND

19.  Augustus formed a second triumvirate with Marc Antony, a general.  Together, they expanded the empire and split the profit.  Augustus took Rome  Antony took Egypt SECOND TRIUMVIRATE Marc Antony

20.  Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt.  Augustus was concerned that Cleopatra wanted his throne, so tensions were high and the second triumvirate dissolved. AN ALLIANCE THREATENED

21.  With the alliance broken, in 31 BC Augustus attacked Egypt and destroyed the majority of the Egyptian fleet. So the Roman Empire expanded to include Egypt.  After his defeat in the Battle of Actium, Marc Antony committed suicide. BATTLE OF ACTIUM

22.  At this point, Augustus was now considered the emperor of Rome.  He was gaining power because of financial resources, loyalty of soldiers and veterans, authority of honors granted by the Senate, and the respect of the people.  He was able to eliminate Senate opposition with his army. BECOMING EMPEROR

23.  Pax Romana means “Roman peace”  For two centuries he was able to keep Rome peaceful.  He expanded the Empire to include Egypt, northern Spain, central Europe, and Germany.  He also made peace with Parthia through diplomacy. PAX ROMANA

24.  Augustus improved Rome by:  Reforming taxation system  Developing networks of roads  Establishing a standing army  Establishing the Praetorian Guard  Creating official police and fire- fighting services BUILDING A CITY

25.  Augustus died in 14 BC  The Senate declared him a god to be worshipped by the Romans.  The eighth month of the Roman calendar was renamed Augustus after him (August in English). END OF HIS REIGN

26. TIBERIUS

27.  Lived 42 BC-37 AD  His mother divorced and remarried Augustus, making Tiberius the step-son of Augustus.  He was later adopted by Augustus.  Tiberius reigned as emperor 14 AD-37 AD BACKGROUND

28.  In order to gain the Senate’s trust, he tried to act reluctant to accept his power.  His attempts failed and he looked derisive and obstructive.  He was not trusted. TROUBLE EARLY ON

29.  Armies were threatening to mutiny because they had not received their bonus that Augustus had promised them.  Tiberius sent his nephew Germanicus to alleviate the problem.  Germanicus rallied the troops and led them to victory against Germanic tribes. Whatever treasure the troops could find was their bonus. GERMANICUS

30.  Because of his efforts, Germanicus was gaining popularity.  Tiberius was afraid of losing his throne to Germanicus, so he appointed him to be the governor of a remote eastern province.  Germanicus mysteriously died in 19 AD. It is thought that Tiberius was behind it. THE FALL OF GERMANICUS

31.  Tiberius decided to rely on Lucius Sejanus.  Slowly, Tiberius began to withdraw from his responsibilities.  In 26 AD, he withdrew to Villa Jovis at the island of Capri and left Sejanus in charge of Rome. A NEW STRATEGY Ruins of Villa Jovis

32.  Sejanus abused the power given to him by removing Senators or any possible threats from their positions.  He also killed Germanicus’ entire family except for Caligula, the youngest son. A MISTAKE Sejanus

33.  Sejanus was creating a plot to overthrow Tiberius and take over the throne.  However, Tiberius found out and sent a letter to the Senate. It condemned Sejanus and ordered his execution. A PLOT

34.  Tiberius died in 37 AD.  Tiberius was very unpopular among the Romans and no one mourned his death.  Caligula, the only remaining son of Germanicus, took over the throne as heir. TIBERIUS’ DEATH

35. CALIGULA

36.  Lived 12-41 AD  Reigned 37-41 AD  People hoped that after the oppression of Tiberius, that Caligula would rejuvenate Rome. BACKGROUND

37.  At first, Caligula looked promising. He brought back many of the people exiled by Tiberius and seemed to be working in the best interests of Rome.  However, 7 months into his reign, he became ill.  After his recovery, he acted strange. People questioned if he had gone crazy. EARLY REIGN

38.  Caligula began to pretend that he was a god.  Then he became murderous and started executing many people for treason.  Once he was about to make a sacrifice to the gods, and just as he was about to strike the animal, he threw a mallet at a priest killing him instantly. A TURN FOR THE WORSE

39.  Caligula spent all of Rome’s money, so he began blackmailing families and taking their property.  Then in another attempt to get more money, he took troops to Gaul and robbed all of the citizens.  When they were about to invade Britain, Caligula made his troops stop in order to collect seashells as “spoils of the conquered ocean”. BLACKMAIL AND ROBBERY

40.  Plots against Caligula’s life were common. Everyone hated him and feared him for his eccentric behavior.  In 41 AD he was murdered by his closest advisors. ASSASSINATION

41. SUMMARY VIDEO

43. PRACTICE QUIZ

44. When did Julius Caesar rule as emperor? QUESTION 1 27 BC - 14 AD 46 – 44 BC 45 – 37 BC 44 – 42 BC A B C D

45. Hint: Julius Caesar was not alive during the years in AD. TRY AGAIN!

46. Hint: Julius Caesar died before 37 BC TRY AGAIN!

47. Hint: Julius Caesar died before 42 BC TRY AGAIN!

48. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

49. What emperor ruled during the Battle of Actium? QUESTION 2 A B C D Augustus Julius Caesar Caligula Tiberius

50. Hint: Julius Caesar died before the Battle of Actium. TRY AGAIN!

51. Hint: Caligula reigned after the Battle of Actium. TRY AGAIN!

52. Hint: Tiberius reigned after the Battle of Actium. TRY AGAIN!

53. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

54. Who was Augustus allied with? QUESTION 3 A B C D Pompey Sejanus Crassus Marc Antony

55. Hint: Pompey was allied with Caesar. TRY AGAIN!

56. Hint: Sejanus was working with Tiberius. TRY AGAIN!

57. Hint: Crassus was allied with Caesar. TRY AGAIN!

58. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

59. How and when did Caligula die? QUESTION 4 A B C D Assassinated in 41 AD Suicide in 39 AD Died of old age in 41 AD Assassinated in 39 AD

60. Hint: Caligula was assassinated. TRY AGAIN!

61. Hint: Caligula did die in 41 AD, but not of old age. TRY AGAIN!

62. Hint: Caligula was assassinated, but not in 39 AD. TRY AGAIN!

63. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

64. When did Tiberius rule as emperor? QUESTION 5 A B C D 10 BC – 14 AD 14 – 37 AD 37 – 41 AD 14 – 33 AD

65. Hint: Tiberius did not rule during the years in BC. TRY AGAIN!

66. Hint: Tiberius was dead during this time period. TRY AGAIN!

67. Hint: This is close, but Tiberius reigned a little bit longer than this time period. TRY AGAIN!

68. Good job!! You have now completed the practice quiz. CORRECT!

69. It’s your choice. You can either go back to the main menu to review the material or move on to the quiz. WHAT’S NEXT?

70. QUIZ

71. What is the Ides of March? QUESTION 1 A B C D Battle in Egypt led by Augustus The assassination of Julius Caesar Battle in Britain led by Caligula The assassination of Augustus

72. Hint: The Ides of March was not a battle. TRY AGAIN!

73. Hint: The Ides of March was an assassination, but not of Augustus. TRY AGAIN!

74. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

75. When did the Ides of March occur? QUESTION 2 A B C D March 15, 44 BC March 10, 46 BC January 8, 46 BC February 15, 44 BC

76. Hint: The Ides of MARCH TRY AGAIN!

77. Hint: The word “Ides” means the middle. So the Ides of March is “the middle of March” TRY AGAIN!

78. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

79. When did Augustus rule as emperor? QUESTION 3 A B C D 46 BC – 44 BC 27 BC – 14 AD 27 BC – 10 AD 30 BC – 20 BC

80. Hint: Augustus’ rule was longer than that time period. TRY AGAIN!

81. Hint: Augustus ruled into the AD years. TRY AGAIN!

82. Hint: This is when Caesar ruled. TRY AGAIN!

83. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

84. When was the Battle of Actium? QUESTION 4 A B C D 31 BC 33 BC 10 AD 31 AD

85. Hint: This is very close! TRY AGAIN!

86. Hint: The Battle of Actium did not occur in the AD years. TRY AGAIN!

87. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

88. Who was Julius Caesar allied with? QUESTION 5 A B C D Sejanus and Crassus Pompey and Marc Antony Crassus and Pompey Sejanus and Marc Antony

89. Hint: Sejanus was allied with Tiberius. TRY AGAIN!

90. Hint: Marc Antony was allied with Augustus TRY AGAIN!

91. Hint: Sejanus was allied with Tiberius and Marc Antony was allied with Augustus. TRY AGAIN!

92. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

93. When did Caligula rule as emperor? QUESTION 6 A B C D 37 AD – 41 AD 26 AD – 29 AD 37 AD – 47 AD 38 AD – 40 AD

94. Hint: Caligula reigned later than this. TRY AGAIN!

95. Hint: Caligula reigned a shorter time period than this. TRY AGAIN!

96. Hint: Caligula reigned longer than this time period. TRY AGAIN!

97. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

98. Who did Tiberius ally with? QUESTION 7 A B C D Julius Caesar Lucius Sejanus Marc Antony Pompey

99. Hint: Julius Caesar was an emperor of Rome before Tiberius. TRY AGAIN!

100. Hint: Marc Antony was allied with Augustus. TRY AGAIN!

101. Hint: Pompey was allied with Caesar. TRY AGAIN!

102. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

103. When did Augustus die? QUESTION 8 A B C D 12 AD 14 AD 15 AD 14 BC

104. Hint: Close, but not quite!! TRY AGAIN!

105. Hint: Augustus did not die in the BC years. TRY AGAIN!

106. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

107. What did the Senate declare Augustus after he died? QUESTION 9 A B C D A king A god A traitor A heretic

108. Hint: Augustus was very well liked and worshiped among the Roman citizens. TRY AGAIN!

109. Good job!! Move on to the next question. CORRECT!

110. When did Tiberius die? QUESTION 10 A B C D 37 AD 38 AD 27 BC 28 BC

111. Hint: This is close, but not quite right! TRY AGAIN!

112. Hint: Tiberius lived into the AD years. TRY AGAIN!

113. Good job!! You have now completed the quiz! If you scored an 8 out of 10 or better, you have passed the quiz. If not, review the material and take the quiz again. CORRECT!

114. You have completed the lesson!!!! GREAT JOB!

115. "Augustus." The Roman Empire. PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. "Augustus." Wikipedia, 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. "Caligula." The Roman Empire. PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. "Caligula.“ Wikipedia, 29 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. "Julius Caesar." The Roman Empire. PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. "Julius Caesar." Wikipedia, 1 Apr. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. "Tiberius." The Roman Empire. PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. “Tiberius.“ Wikipedia, 14 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012.. REFERENCES