1. External & internal Interrupts

2. Interrupt Sources There are 21 different interrupts and each one has its own vector located in a predefined location at the start of the memory space. 3 external interrupts (INT0, INT1 and INT2) are available at pins PD2(pin 16) and PD3 (pin 17) and PB2 (pin 3). They are Edge or Level triggered interrupts (except Int2 which is only edge triggered). Reset input (pin 9) which causes also an interrupt and can be both externally and internally initiated. If enabled, the interrupts will trigger even if the INT0 and INT1 pins are configured as outputs. This feature provides a way of generating a software interrupt (how?). INT0, INT1 (level) and INT2 are detected asynchronously (no Clock needed and thus they can be used to get the µC from sleep modes.

3. Reset and Interrupt Vectors Vector No. Program Address Source InterruptDefinition 1 $000RESET External Pin, Power-on Reset, Brown-out Reset, Watchdog Reset, and JTAG AVR Reset 2 $002 INT0 External Interrupt Request 0 3 $004 INT1 External Interrupt Request 1 4 $006 TIMER2 COMP Timer-Counter2 Compare Match 5 $008 TIMER2 OVF Timer-Counter2 Overflow 6 $00A TIMER1 CAPT Timer-Counter1 Capture Event 7 $00C TIMER1 COMPA Timer-Counter1 Compare Match A 8 $00E TIMER1 COMPB Timer-Counter1 Compare Match B 9 $010 TIMER1 OVF Timer-Counter1 Overflow

4. Vecto r No. Program Address Source InterruptDefinition 10 $012 TIMER0 OVF Timer-Counter0 Overflow 11 $014 SPI, STC Serial Transfer Complete 12 $016 USART, RXC USART, Rx Complete 13 $018 USART, UDRE USART Data Register Empty 14 $01A USART, TXC USART, Tx Complete 15 $01C ADC ADC Conversion Complete 16 $01E EE_RDY EEPROM Ready 17 $020 ANA_COMP Analog Comparator 18 $022 TWI Two-wire Serial Interface 19 $024 INT2 ExternalInterrupt Request 2 20 $026 TIMER0 COMP Timer-Counter0 Compare Match 21 $028 SPM_RDY Store Program Memory Ready

5. Notes to interrupt vector table If the program never enables an interrupt source, the Interrupt Vectors are not used, and regular program code can be placed at these locations.

6. External Interrupts: To enable INT0/INT1/INT2: The I-bit in the Status Register must be set. But also the corresponding External Interrupt Request Enable bit in the General Interrupt Control Register (GICR) When an event on the INT0/INT1/INT2 pin triggers an interrupt request, INT0-Flag/INT1-Flag/INT2-Flag (bit 6/7/5 of the General Interrupt Flag Register – GIFR) becomes set. The flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be cleared by writing a logical one to it. General Interrupt Flag

7. Interrupt Triggering The external interrupts INT0/INT1 can be triggered by a falling or rising edge or a low level.

8. INT2 The external interrupts INT2 can only be triggered by a falling or rising edge. ISC2 (interrupt sense control of INT2): ISC2 = 0 -> Falling Edge ISC2 = 1 -> Rising Edge MCU Control and Status Register

9. Using Interrupts in C The access to the AVR interrupt system is implemented with the interrupt keyword. Examples: interrupt [2] void external_int0(void) { /* Place your code here */ RETI } interrupt [10] void timer0_overflow(void) { /* Place your code here */ RETI }

10. Using Interrupts in C (Contd.) Interrupt vector numbers start with 1. The compiler will automatically save the affected registers when calling the interrupt functions and restore them back on exit. a RETI assembly instruction is placed at the end of the interrupt function. Interrupt functions can't return a value nor have parameters. You must also set the corresponding bits in the peripheral control registers to configure the interrupt system and enable the interrupts.

11. Using the CodeVisionAVR Wizard by interrupts

12. Including Assembly Lines in the Program Inline assembly may also be used. Example: #asm("sei") /* enable interrupts */ You can include assembly language anywhere in your program using the #asm and #endasm directives. Example: void delay(unsigned char i) { while (i--) { /* Assembly language code sequence */ #asm nop #endasm }; }