2.  a character says one thing but means another

3.  Zaroff calls himself civilized in “The Most Dangerous Game,” even though he hunts other humans.  Example from Romeo and Juliet?

4.  an event occurs that is the opposite of what was expected or intended

5.  In “The Necklace,” readers and the protagonist expect life for the Loisels to improve after the fancy ball, but because the necklace is lost, their lives become much harder.  Example from Romeo and Juliet?

6.  the audience (readers or viewers) know something that the characters do not know

7.  Readers know how Montresor feels about Fortunato, but Fortunato does not know.  Example from Romeo and Juliet?