2.  Created in 1974 by a Professor of architecture named Erno Rubik  This was suppose to be an object that was not possible. It consists of 26 cubes  The solid cube twisted and turned without breaking  On each side of the cube are colorful stickers which gets scrambled hence the “Rubik’s Cube”  It took Erno over a month to find a solution to this puzzle

3.  The Rubik’s Cube was released in the world market in 1980  There was great international interest in the Rubik’s Cube  Competitions were held for fastest “cubist”  The first world Champion took place on June 5, 1982 in Budapest  Today much of the craze has faded

4.  Edge pieces have two colors (12)  Corner pieces have three colors (8)  Center pieces have 1 color- They do not move and represent the color of their side  White is opposite Yellow  Orange is opposite Red  Green is opposite Blue

5.  The number of possible permutations for a Rubik’s Cube are:  8 corner pieces can be arranged 8! Ways, each of which can be arranged in 3 orientations thus 3^8 possibilities for each permutation  12 edge pieces can be arranged 12! Ways, each side piece has 2 orientations thus 2^12 arrangements

7.  Rotations of 90,180,270 degrees of the front, right, left, right, upper, lower and back faces are used  From these rotations, algorithms have been created to solve the Rubik’s Cube

8.  Rubik's cube can be viewed as a group, where each element of the group is a permutation. As a group, it has the following properties:  Closure: If P 1 and P 2 are two permutations in the group, then P 1 P 2 is also a permutation in the same group  Associativity Performing P 1 followed by P 2 P 3 is the same as performing P 1 P 2 followed by P 3. Identity: There is a permutation in the group in which no pieces are moved. Inverse: For each permutation in the group, there exists an inverse permutation which has the reverse effect.  Rubik's Cube also has a number of subgroups, each having these same 4 properties.

9.  Step 1: getting a white cross with a yellow center

10.  Step 2: get your white cross centered at the white piece.  This is done by looking at one of your white side pieces and looking at the color on it’s side, and making a 180 degree rotation.

11.  Step 3: get your white corner pieces to have a completed white side

12.  Step4: Solve for the second row. This is done by turning the solve white side to the back and having the yellow side face you. You look at all the side pieces that DON’T have yellow and you use the permutation (F-L-R-C-Rcc) (if your going right to left)and then fix your white side. Same Idea if you are going left to right  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmnS pUgOvyI (7:26) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmnS pUgOvyI

13.  Step 5: This step depends on the pattern that you acquire on the bottom of your Rubik’s Cube. Step 1 Step 2 Step3 Step 4  State 1 is fine but for state 2-4 there are different algorithms you need to do

14.  State 2 : F U R U' R' F‘  State 3 : F R U R' U' F‘  State 4 : Either algorithm for state 2 or 3 should work  After these steps you should be left with a yellow cross (state 1)

15.  Step 6: Here you solve for the yellow corners  For this you will do the algorithm R,U,R’,U,R,2U,R’ twice.  Once you have the face looking like this you do the above algorithm again  Once done you will have the white side solved, the yellow side solved, and the first two layers.

16.  Final two steps solving for the corners and the last side piece  https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=rmnSpUgOvyI (18:22) https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=rmnSpUgOvyI

19.  http://www.rubiks.com/history http://www.rubiks.com/history  http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/courses/m308 /projects/rtran/rtran.pdf http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/courses/m308 /projects/rtran/rtran.pdf  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmnSpUg OvyI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmnSpUg OvyI  http://ruwix.com/the-rubiks-cube/how-to- solve-the-rubiks-cube-beginners-method/ http://ruwix.com/the-rubiks-cube/how-to- solve-the-rubiks-cube-beginners-method/  http://www.ryanheise.com/cube/theory.html http://www.ryanheise.com/cube/theory.html