1. Primary Insomnia Edwin Alvarado Period 5

2. Definition  Chronic inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an adequate amount of time

3. Associated Features  A person diagnosed with Insomnia is not able to sleep  Effects include:  No sleeping  After gaining a good sleep, a person still feels restless  Won’t be able to go back to sleep if awake  Will constantly be waking up  Ex.: waking up every hour

4. DSM-IV-TR Criteria  A. The predominant complaint is dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality made by the patient (or by a caregiver or family in the case of children or elderly).

5. DSM-IV-TR Criteria Cont.  B. Report of one or more of the following symptoms:  -Difficulty initiating sleep; in children this may be manifested as difficulty initiating sleep without caregiver intervention  -Difficulty maintaining sleep characterized by frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep after awakenings (in children this may be manifested as difficulty returning to sleep without caregiver intervention)  -Early morning awakening with inability to return to sleep  -Non restorative sleep  -Prolonged resistance to going to bed and/or bedtime struggles (children)

6. DSM-IV-TR Criteria Cont.  C. The sleep complaint is accompanied by significant distress or impairment in daytime functioning as indicated by the report of at least one of the following:  -Fatigue or low energy  -Daytime sleepiness  -Cognitive impairments (e.g., attention, concentration, memory)  -Mood disturbance (e.g., irritability, dysphoria)

7. DSM-IV-TR Cont.  -Behavioral problems (e.g., hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression)  -Impaired occupational or academic function  -Impaired interpersonal/social function  -Negative impact on caregiver or family functioning (e.g., fatigue, sleepiness

8. DSM-IV-TR Criteria Cont.  D. The sleep difficulty occurs at least three nights per week.  E. The sleep difficulty is present for at least three months.  F. The sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate age-appropriate circumstances and opportunity for sleep.

9. Etiology  Psychological Problems can cause Insomnia  Stress, depression, anxiety,  Is caused by other Disorders like :  Bipolar disorder  Post Traumatic Stress Disorder  Other causes  Medications  Sleep disorders

10. Prevalence  Insomnia is found more in women than in men  Insomnia affects 10 to 15% of adults  1 out of 5 children will be diagnosed with Primary Insomnia

11. Treatment  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  Change thoughts and actions that don’t allow sleep  Getting rid of worries  Relaxation training  Meditation, hypnosis, muscle relaxation  Medicine  Prescriptions

12. Prognosis  People diagnosed with Primary Insomnia have a difficult time gaining some sleep  Seek therapy to tackle down the problem in hopes of getting rid of insomnia  People with Insomnia can get some sleep only if they take medications or receive some sort of aid to sleep

13. Discussion Question  Can you consider Insomnia to be a psychological disorder? If yes, how can Insomnia affect the lives of people? If no,why?

14. References  The Free Dictionary, 2012, The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Primary+insom nia The Free Dictionary, 2012, The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Primary+insom nia  Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine,2007, Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology and Consequences. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1978319/ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1978319/  MNS Health, 2012, How common is Insomnia. Retrieved from http://health.msn.com/health- topics/how-common-is-insomniahttp://health.msn.com/health- topics/how-common-is-insomnia