1. Lesson 19 WW II -- End of the War in Europe

2. Lesson Objectives Describe and analyze the logistics issues that defined the Allied thrust through France and into Germany. Describe and analyze the political issues that defined the Allied thrust through France and into Germany. Describe the differences in the operational strategies of Patton and Montgomery. Analyze Operation Market Garden, comparing its objectives with its outcomes. Describe the major events leading to the end of the war in Europe.

3. Loose End

4. The Landing “You will enter the continent of Europe … “ June 6, 1944 BBC: World War Two

5. Battle for Normandy Capturing the Cherbourg Peninsular BBC: World War Two Port of Cherbourg heavily damaged by Germans

6. Battle for Normandy The Battle in the Hedgerows BBC: World War Two

7. Battle for Normandy Use of heavy bombers to support ground forces BBC: World War Two The Breakout: Operation Cobra

8. Battle for Normandy Germans counter attack August 6th BBC: World War Two The Falaise Pocket Allies reply with massive air strikes, ground thrust from north

9. Liberation of Paris BBC: World War Two Allies closed Falaise Gap August 17th Germans lost 10,000 killed, 50,000 captured; Allies lost 6,000

10. Liberation of Paris August 25, 1944

11. Liberation of Paris August 25, 1944 German POWs n Paris

12. Liberation of Paris August 25, 1944 BBC News Charles de Gaulle on the Champs Elysees.

13. Campaign in NW Europe A Case Study in Military Logistics

14. Attacking Germany The Plan British 21 st AG - Montgomery US Third - Patton US First - Hodges US 12 th AG - Bradley US Seventh– Patch

15. Attacking Germany The First Problem: Logistics Only Ports September 1944

16. Logistics Challenges Only operational ports: Cherbourg & Normandy beaches Supply lines stretched over hundreds of miles Not enough trucks to fill pipeline and provide needed supplies Units in combat required huge amounts of material One division in combat required 700-750 tons/day Average of 28 divisions north of the Seine after Paris liberated Problem: How to deliver the goods with the trucks available?

17. Red Ball Express Convoy System to expedite delivery of supplies Solution: Change the Process

18. Red Ball Express Used two, one-way highways restricted to military vehicles only

19. Red Ball Express Other innovations: En route maintenance points Remove the governors from the trucks Operated August – November 1944 (Port of Antwerp opened)

20. Historivia What is this?

21. Historivia Jerry Cans German soldiers, Russia, 1941

22. Historivia Jerry Cans Original German Early British Container “The Flimsy” U.S. Version

23. Historivia U.S. Jerry Cans By the Thousands Red Ball Express, France, 1944

24. Attacking Germany Problem: Who gets the supplies? British - Montgomery US - Patton

25. Montgomery & Patton Monty & George Video The Prize: Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power Part 4: War & Oil

26. The Battle for Gasoline "The Circle of Modern War" and logo © Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013 ( 38:01 – 42:45 ) The Prize, Part 4: “War & Oil”

27. Attacking Germany Defenses Siegfried Line Ardennes Forest

28. Operation Market-Garden Combined (US-British) attempt to flank the Siegfried Line Operation Market: airborne assault to secure bridges Operation Garden: ground ops to relieve airborne within 4 days 17–25 September 1944

29. Operation Market - Garden September 17-25, 1944

30. Air Drop

31. Arnhem Bridge “The Bridge Too Far” Video Excerpt 10:49 – 18:06

32. Market-Garden After Thoughts Underlined the precarious nature of all airborne assaults Major considerations: Airlift available for initial insertion & resupply Likelihood of timely relief by ground forces Intelligence Availability of fire support (organic or air) WEATHER Success = Good Planning & Luck!

33. Western Europe December 1944

34. Western Europe December 1944 Average Daily Tonnage Offloaded: Channel Ports: 18,450 Antwerp: 16,600

35. Battle of the Bulge Situation, December 1944Objective of German Counteroffensive Primary Objective: Capture port of Antwerp 16 December 1944 – 26 January 1945

36. Battle of the Bulge 16 Dec 44 - 24 Dec 44- 26 Jan 45

37. Battle of the Bulge Newsreel (7:59) Documentary 19:45 – 30:27

38. Eastern Front December 1944

39. Fall of Germany

40. Battle of Berlin

41. Video (7:38)

42. German Surrender May 7, 1945

43. Fall of Germany

44. Timeline Significant Events in Liberation of Western Europe 6 Jun 44 Operation Overlord, invasion of Western Europe, begins 25 Jul 44Operation Cobra & breakout from Normandy begins 25 Aug 44Paris is liberated 17 Sep 44Operation Market-Garden begins 16 Dec 44Battle of the Bulge (Ardennes) begins 7 Mar 45US Forces cross Rhine River at Remagen, Germany 7 May 45Germany Surrenders

45. What Mistakes Did Hitler Make? ( Beside invading Russia? )

46. Lesson 20 WW II: The Pacific War Next:

47. Lesson Objectives Understand the Japanese and American strategies for the war in the Pacific and Asia. Analyze the impact of the military revolution during the interwar years on the war in the Pacific theater. Become familiar with the timeline of events in the Pacific war. Understand the significance of the Battle of Midway and the role of signals intelligence in the outcome.

48. End