1. The Power of the Sun One of four lectures pertaining to Global Warming Illinois Institute of Technology IPRO 331: Global Warming Research and Community Outreach

2. Objectives To give a brief overview of Global Warming To inform of the possibilities from the sun in Architecture, and the science behind it. To compare and contrast between solar power and other eco-friendly technologies introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

3. Global Warming Definition Relevance Controversy introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

4. Definition: The increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface and oceans introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

5. Relevance?

6. Controversy? Are we the cause? Is this actually happening? What are the proven effects? introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

7. “The energy in sunlight striking the earth for 40 minutes is equivalent to global energy consumption for one year” introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Scientific American Magazine

8. Solar Energy vs Solar Power introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Wikipedia

9. So how can we take Advantage of this??? introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

10. Case Study Sun Valley, Idaho introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Woodriver Journal

11. Photovoltaic Solar Panels Case Study Incorporated Systems Include: introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Woodriver Journal

12. Case Study Incorporated Systems Include: introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Solar hot-water heating system Woodriver Journal

13. Case Study Incorporated Systems Include: introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Trombe wall system Woodriver Journal

14. Winter Summer Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Lighting Case Study Incorporated Systems Include: introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Woodriver Journal

15. Case Study Sun Valley, Idaho introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Woodriver Journal

16. The Average Single-Family Home introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

17. Where does our energy go? introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Energy Information Administration

18. Electricity 10,656 KwH/Year $959/Year introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Energy Information Administration

19. Natural Gas 115,000,000 Btu’s/Year $1,492/Year introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Energy Information Administration

20. $2,451/Year 12.2 Metric Tons of Carbon introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Energy Information Administration

21. Solar Energy The Earth receives 174 petawatts of incoming solar radiation, also known as insolation, at any given time When the radiation meets the atmosphere, 6% is reflected and 16% is absorbed introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

22. Solar Energy Availability/Consumption introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

23. Solar Energy Availability/Consumption, cont’d Clouds reduce insolation traveling through the atmosphere by 20% In one year, the total solar energy available is 3850 zettajoules while the worldwide energy consumption is.471 zettajoules introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

24. Solar Panels Solar Panels In North America, the total insolation over an entire year including nights and periods of cold weather is 125 and 375 watts per meter square. A single solar panel in North America, delivers 19-56 watts per meter square a day introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

25. SOLAR ENERGY How is it captured? introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

26. PHOTOVOLTAICS Photo = light Voltaic = electricity introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

27. PHOTOVOLTAICS 2 layers of semiconductor material made of silicon crystals On it’s own, silicon not a good conductor “doping” sets stage for electric current Doping = intentional addition of impurities introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

29. SOLAR ENERGY How is solar energy stored? introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

30. SOLAR HEAT Solar energy is stored as heat Heat is easier to store than electricity Multiple methods are used to store solar heat introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

31. SOLAR COLLECTORS 3 types of solar collectors Flat-Plate Collectors Focusing Collectors Passive Collectors introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

32. FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

33. FOCUSING COLLECTORS Use mirrors to focus solar energy on pipes filled with water introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

34. FOCUSING COLLECTORS introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

35. PASSIVE COLLECTORS Heat is stored using dense interior materials that retain heat well Examples: masonry, adobe, concrete, stone, water introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

36. PASSIVE COLLECTORS introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

37. STORAGE OF SOLAR HEAT Heat may be stored in one of two ways: Liquid (such as water) Packed bed introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

38. LIQUID HEAT STORAGE Frequently used in residential homes Tank is filled with hot water and used throughout the day Easy application, as desired result (hot water) is in the storage facility introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

39. LIQUID HEAT STORAGE introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

40. PACKED BED Container filled with small objects that hold heat (such as stones) with air space between them introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

41. HEAT STORAGE Houses with active or passive solar heating systems may also have: Furnaces Wood burning stoves Other heat sources incase of cold or cloudy weather (backup system) introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

42. IS SOLAR POWER COST EFFECTIVE? Cost effectiveness of solar power depends on location ◦ Proximity to power grid ◦ Amount of daily/yearly sunlight introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

43. COST OF SOLAR POWER SOLAR MARKETS (Avg over 5 years) SOLAR PRICE/COMPETING ENERGY SOURCE Remote Industrial17%0.1-0.5 times Remote Habitational22%0.2-0.8 times Grid Connected59%2-5 times Consumer Indoor2%n/a introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

44. COST OF SOLAR POWER Solar module represents 40-50% of total installed cost of solar system Percentage varies on nature of the application introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

45. COST OF SOLAR POWER On average, installed PV system will cost $9.00 per peak watt 7.2 KW PV system will cover an average homes energy needs On average will cost $64,000 for house to run purely on solar energy introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

46. COST OF SOLAR POWER Most homes with solar energy are in remote areas, far from power grid Most homes with solar power are subsidized with other forms of electricity introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

47. COST OF SOLAR POWER Solar power can’t compete with current utilities as a cost effective solution Researchers confident prices will come down when production is on large scale PV will become cost effective in rural and urban locations in the future introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

48. COST OF SOLAR POWER introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

49. OTHER FORMS OF ECO-TECHNOLOGY GEOTHERMAL HEAT WIND POWER HYDROELECTRIC POWER introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

50. GEOTHERMAL HEAT introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

51. GEOTHERMAL HEAT Underground temp constantly between 50 and 60 degrees F Cools in the summer and heats in the winter Uninterruptable source Works like a reverse refrigerator introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

52. WIND POWER ADVANTAGES Provides clean power Capable of producing large quantities of electricity introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

53. WIND POWER Disadvantages Land usage (average of 17 acres) Cause erosion in desert areas Affect the view (usually located on or just below ridgelines) Bird deaths introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

54. HYDROELECTRIC POWER Advantages No emissions Plentiful source Consistent energy output introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

55. HYDROELECTRIC POWER Disadvantages Initial high cost People displaced Habitat loss Change in chemical, physical, biological characteristics of downstream river and land introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

56. Every Little Bit Helps