1. The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies
Unit 1, Lesson 3

2. Essential Idea
The New England colonies were largely settled for religious reasons.
Following the English Civil War, the Middle and Southern colonies were settled.

3. Religious Problems in England
Puritans- wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church through reform
Separatists- decided the Anglican Church was too corrupt to be reformed and left England
Pilgrims- this group of Separatists sailed to America in 1620

4. Pilgrims Arrive
On the Mayflower, the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at what is now Massachusetts
The colonists signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to establish a government ruled by majority
The colonists formed Plymouth (1620), led by William Bradford

5. Early Troubles Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive
The colonists also struggled to grow food in the cold and rocky environment
Squanto, from the Wampanoag tribe, taught colonists how to grow food
In 1621, the Wampanoag and colonists celebrated a successful harvest (basis for Thanksgiving)

6. Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1630, Puritans (non-Separatist) left England to escape persecution
They formed Massachusetts Bay Company and left for America, led by John Winthrop
Winthrop wanted the colony to be a Christian model for the world, calling it a “city upon a hill”

7. Puritans Migrate
Great Puritan Migration- over 20,000 Puritans left England for America
Eventually (1691), Plymouth was absorbed into the much larger Massachusetts Bay colony
Boston became a major city and eventually the beginning point of the American Revolution

8. Massachusetts Bay Government
The General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely related
The General Court passed laws regulating moral behavior and supporting churches with taxes
Churches were governed by “church members” who had had “conversion experiences”

9. The Puritans and Heresy
Puritans had no tolerance for heretics, (people who disagreed with the church)
Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy
Williams helped establish Rhode Island, where he allowed religious freedom
Anne Hutchinson was also banished when she challenged the authority of Puritan leaders

10. New Hampshire (and Maine)
The land above Massachusetts was split into New Hampshire and Maine
New Hampshire became a royal colony
Maine was considered part of Massachusetts until 1820

11. Connecticut
Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut so non-church members could participate in government too
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- first written Constitution in America

12. War with Indians (again)
Overall, these northern colonies (future states) became known as “New England”
The Wampanoag and New Englanders initially got along through trading for furs
Over time, New Englanders wanted more land and wanted the Wampanoag to adopt English laws, customs, and Christianity

13. King Philip’s War
Tension peaked with the outbreak of King Philip’s War in 1675
The Wampanoag were led by “King Philip” (Metacomet)
The colonists killed King Philip and destroyed many Indian villages
King Philip’s War represented the last major stand of Indians against New Englanders
How did Chesapeake and New England colonists compare in their relationships with American Indians?

15. New England in 1650

16. The Dutch Settle in America
The Middle Colonies are Settled:
The Dutch (Netherlands) settled the area between England’s New England and Chesapeake colonies
Henry Hudson explored the region that the Dutch claimed as “New Netherland”
The main settlement, on Manhattan Island, was called “New Amsterdam”

18. England Takes New Netherland
The English Civil War had disrupted English settlement in America
Following its Civil War, England used its superior military to easily take New Netherland from the Dutch
New Netherland became “New York” and New Amsterdam became “New York City”
New York City, like Boston, became a major trading area
New York

19. Quakers
A religious group arose in England known as the Quakers (Society of Friends)
Quakers were pacifist (anti-violence) and believed in religious toleration
Quakers thought everyone had an “inner light” and believed all sexes and races were equal

20. Pennsylvania
The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, land in America that became Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania had complete religious and political freedom and Philadelphia was the capital
Pennsylvanians respected Indians and coexisted with them peacefully (unlike most English colonies)
A wider variety of European immigrants came to Pennsylvania than any other colony
Quakers in Pennsylvania

22. The Carolinas Carolina:
Carolina was established as a single colony but developed into two separate regions

23. South Carolina
Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like Charles Town)
The slave trade flourished here

24. North Carolina Bad harbors, contained many poor farmers and few slaves
Independent-minded people moved in from Virginia and South Carolina

25. Georgia Georgia was settled as a refuge for England’s poor people
Slavery and alcohol were initially banned
Georgia was a “buffer colony” between English colonies and Spanish-owned Florida