1. Phonetics Chapter 1 Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D.

2. Branches of Phonetics Experimental –Research methods and laboratory techniques Articulatory (physiological) –Speech-sound production Acoustic –Waveform properties of speech sounds Perceptual –Discrimination and intelligibility of speech sounds Applied –Practical application of phonetic knowledge

3. Applied Branches of Phonetics 1. Normative phonetics: Setting good speech standards 2. Clinical phonetics: Remediation of speech disorders 3. Linguistic phonetics (phonology): Analysis of the sounds of language a. Historical (diachronic) phonetics: The development of the speech sounds of a language over time b. Descriptive (synchronic) phonetics: The study of the speech sounds of a language at one point in time c. Comparative (contrastive) phonetics: Comparison of the speech sound' of two or more languages d. Dialectology (linguistic geography): The study of the language variations causing speech-sound differences e. Pragmatic phonetics: The study of purposeful changes in speech, dependent on the situation f. Transcriptional phonetics: Development and application of phonetic alphabets

4. Question What is a “phone”? A.Sound variant B.A particular sound C.Sound produced by the vocal tract D.Any sound

5. Sound Terminology Phonetics –Study of speech sounds Phonetician –Person who studies speech sounds Phone –Any sound that can be produced by the vocal tract Phoneme –Phone in a language Allophone –Phoneme variant

6. Letter Terminology Graph –Letter that could be used in alphabet Grapheme –Alphabet letter in a language Allograph –Variant grapheme Graphemics –Study of letters in writing and spelling Orthography –Study of the spelling and writing system of a language

7. Speech is Dynamic Assimilation –Backward assimilation Ink Congress –Forward assimilation Cooked/bagged Cubs/cups –Reciprocal assimilation Rental/planter