1. Classical Conditioning
Unit 3- Module 14 Notes

2. Definitions Learning: Classical Conditioning Stimulus Response
A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience
Classical Conditioning
Type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to create a response
Stimulus
Anything in the environment that one can respond to
Response
Any behavior or action

4. Classical Conditioning
There are four main components to classical conditioning:
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)

5. Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Stimulus that triggers an automatic and reflexive response
Classical conditioning CANNOT happen without an US
In the shower example, what is the US?
Hot water

6. Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Response (UR)
The automatic response to the US
Relationship between the US and UR is reflexive and automatic- it is NOT learned
In the shower example, what is the UR?
Jumping out of the way of the hot water

7. Classical Conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral stimulus that , through learning, gains the power to cause a conditioned response
Before classical conditioning takes place, the stimulus is considered a neutral stimulus
In the shower example, what is the CS?
The word “Flush”

8. Classical Conditioning
Conditioned Response (CR)
The response to the Conditioned Stimulus
Is the same behavior that is identified as the UR
In the shower example, what is the CR?
Jumping out of the way of the hot water

9. Classical Conditioning
Two basic processes in classical conditioning:
Acquisition
Process of developing a learned response
Occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a US (called a trial)
In the shower example, how would we know that acquisition has taken place?
When the word “Flush” is said and the person jumps out of the way without the hot water being present

10. Classical Conditioning
Extinction
Diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the CS by itself
How could the CR of jumping out of the way in the shower become extinct?
Repeatedly yell “Flush” (CS) without actually flushing the toilet
Since water wouldn’t get hot, learner wouldn’t react to the CS

11. Classical Conditioning
Two more terms:
Generalization
Producing the same response to two similar stimuli
Discrimination
Ability to distinguish between 2 signals or stimuli and produce different responses

12. Classical Conditioning
Aaron was sitting on a park bench licking a lollipop when he got stung in the ear by a bee. The sting produced a great deal of pain and, as a result, fear of bees. After the incident, Aaron began experiencing fear whenever he heard the buzzing sound of a bee.

13. Classical Conditioning
In that scenario, what is the:
US?
Pain from the sting
UR?
Fear of bees
CS?
Buzzing of bees
CR?

14. Classical Conditioning
In the previous scenario, how might we observe generalization?
If Aaron displayed fear of all buzzing insects
If Aaron feared all buzzing insects at first, what would need to happen for us to observe discrimination?
Aaron showed the ability to not be afraid of buzzing insects that did not produce painful stings

15. Classical Conditioning Experiment #1
Observe the demonstration
When complete, jot down the following:
US, UR, CS, CR, Generalization (if any), Discrimination (if any), Extinction (if any), Acquisition (if any)
Then, we will discuss as a class

16. Classical Conditioning Experiment #1

17. Classical Conditioning Experiment #1
Observe the demonstration
When complete, jot down the following:
US, UR, CS, CR, Generalization (if any), Discrimination (if any), Extinction (if any), Acquisition (if any)
Then, we will discuss as a class

18. Classical Conditioning
In the famous “Baby Albert” experiment, identify the: US UR CS CR
Generalization

20. Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov’s Experiment
Pavlov was conducting an experiment on the role of saliva on digestion- the results of his experiment, however, became a benchmark in behavioral psychology!

21. Classical Conditioning

22. Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s experiment
The initial results of the experiment were a success- the dog salivated when the meat was introduced
After a period of time, however, the dog became familiar with the procedure and began to salivate before the meat arrived
Pavlov decided to change his experiment and see if he could train the behavior of the dog by causing it to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork rather than the presence of meat

23. Classical Conditioning
Using what we have discussed, CREATE Pavlov’s experiment
Identify the US, UR, CS, CR
Identify how acquisition would be produced
Identify how extinction would be observed