1. Relationships between organisms Standard 4 Key Idea 6 PI 6.1 MU 6.1g http://animals.about.com/od/evolution/ss/evolution_9.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/symbiosis.htm

2. Bell Ringer Question Mosquitoes and humans A mosquito bites a human and feeds on human blood. Which organism benefits? Which organism is harmed? The mosquito The human

3. Today’s outline Producer/ consumer Predator/ prey Symbiosis (parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism) Scavenger Decomposer

4. Relationships between organisms may be negative, neutral, or positive. Examples Negative: parasitism Neutral: commensalism Positive: mutualism

5. Producer/ consumer Producer: use the sunlight to produce energy (plants, algae) Consumer: use energy from producer. (usually animals.) ; heterotroph Consumers eat producers.

6. Predator/ prey Predator kills and eats the prey. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120222154633.htm

7. Symbiosis Symbiosis: a intimate relationship between two species that live closely. Examples 1)Parasitism (+,-) 2)Commensalism (+,0) 3)Mutualism (+,+)

8. Parasitism (+,-) One organism (the parasite) benefits. (+) The other organism (the host) is harmed. (-) Examples Athletes’ food fungus (parasite) on humans (host) http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20307059_8,00.html

9. Parasitism (+,-) con’t Examples con’t Tapeworms (parasites) in humans and pigs Signs: diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/T-Ty/Tapeworm.html

10. Parasitism (+,-) con’t Examples con’t Heartworms (parasites) in dogs (hosts) -The parasite infects the heart muscle of the dog and kills it. -A mosquito carries the larvae of heart worms. http://www.cesarsway.com/heartworm-awareness/Symptoms-of-Worms-in-Dogs http://www.bucknerterraceanimal.com/Pages/Heartworms.aspx

11. Commensalism (+,0) One organism is benefited. (+) The other organism is neither harmed nor benefited. (0) Examples -Barnacle-whale -Orchid-tree -Remora-shark

12. Commensalism example 1: orchids and trees The barnacle has access to food-rich waters. The whale is neither harmed nor benefited.

13. Commensalism example 2: orchids and trees The tree provides a stable environment to orchids. The tree is neither harmed or benefited.

14. Commensalism example 3: remora and shark The remora eats food particles on the shark. The shark is neither harmed or benefited.

15. Mutualism (+,+) Both organisms benefit from each other. Examples -nitrogen fixing bacteria and roots of plants (i.e. beans) -protozoa and termites -algae and fungi

16. Mutualism (+,+) example 1 bacteria and roots of leguminous plants -Bacteria obtain nutrients such as sugar from roots. -Roots obtain nitrates from bacteria. Notes: leguminous plants include beans, peas, and clover. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/106760/The-roots-of-an-Austrian-winter-pea-plant- with-nodules

17. The protozoa get nutrients in the termite’s intestine. The termite benefits because the protozoa digest wood. Mutualism (+,+) example 2 protozoa and termite http://www.rikenresearch.riken.jp/eng/frontline/6132

18. Mutualism (+,+) example 3 algae and fungi in a lichen Algae  food to fungi Fungi  moist surface for algae

19. Video: Symbiosis: Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism (Fill out the handout.) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t 81Q

20. Scavengers eat dead animals. (Some scavengers eat dead plants.) Scavenger

21. Decompose (break down) dead organisms and return nutrients into the soil. Decomposer

22. Exit ticket question 1 What are the three types of symbiosis you learned in class?

23. Exit ticket question 2 Regents June 2010 # 43