1. Biotic Relationships All organisms fit into a: Habitat - the physical area in which an organism lives. Niche - the way of life of an organism. Population a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

2. Biotic Relationships All organisms engage in competition. They compete with each other for the resources needed to survive Interactions among living organisms

3. Intraspecies competition - between organisms of the same species Members of the same species will compete for: Mates Nesting sites Feeding locations Food Water, etc

4. Humans have intraspecies competion. Make a list of the resources that humans compete for?

5. Interspecies competition - between organisms of different species. Members of DIFFERENT species will compete for: Feeding spots, Food Water Nesting sites, etc. For example, owls and fox both compete for mice (or food)

6. Compare and contrast intraspecies (2 of the same species) and interspecies (2 different species) competition.

7. Predator and prey are tied together in many ways. What happens to one will impact the other “Eat and Be Eaten” Predation - refers to the relationship between a predator and its prey

9. Changing Fortunes of Wolf And Moose Moose and wolf population fluctuations on Isle Royale depend on factors like weather, disease and possibly genetic problems. Scientists are trying to sort out reasons for the current wolf resurgence.

10. If the predator population is low, the numbers of the prey species will increase. As the numbers of the predator species increase, the prey population begins to decrease. Most predator species will reproduce in larger numbers if food is abundant.

11. Predator – prey relationships Herbivores (plant eaters) depend on plants to survive. Explain why carnivores (meat eaters) depend on plants as well.

12. Native vs Non-Natives Native species: one that has evolved within or migrated to an ecosystem WITHOUT humans having put it there Nonnative species: one that humans have introduced into an ecosystem Humans introduce nonnative plants to: Provide food for livestock Decorate their gardens Reduce rates of soil erosion Kill pests

13. Invasive species: nonnative species that can out-compete a native species in an ecosystem Some nonnative species can radically change an ecosystem in a short period of time. Invasive species will out-compete native species in the ecosystem and drastically change the relationships and habitats of other species within the ecosystem.

14. The Desert Tamarix was introduced to America as an ornamental species. Large plants of Tamarix can transpire at least 200 gallons per plant each day and will often dry up ponds and streams.

15. Russian Knappweed Brought to America in 1898 Each plant can produce up to 1200 seeds. Spread though root system of the plant. Plant develops

16. Giant African Snail 1 st imported as pets Can damage native plants and crops

17. Cactus Moth Accidentally imported in cargo from the Caribbean Feeds on prickly pair cactus to the degree that it kills the plant Spreading across the US

18. Africanized Honeybee: The KILLER Bee!! Means of introduction: imported and bred with European honey bees to increase honey production Impact: more aggressive than European honeybees; Negative impact on honey production industry

19. Symbiosis Symbiosis = "intimate living together" between different species Several possible types, ranging from harm to mutual benefit. Not clearly separated in nature; relationship may change from beneficial to harmful as environment changes

20. Commensalism One organism benefits, and the other organism (host) is not obviously affected either positively or negatively; fairly rare in nature The anemonefish lives among the forest of tentacles of an anemone and is protected from potential predators not immune to the sting of the anemone.

21. Commensalism in the desert A fringe-toed lizard living in an abandoned rat hole, the lizard benefits from shelter, while the rat has moved on.fringe-toed lizard

22. Mutualism 2 organisms living together and both benefit from the association Hummingbird hawkmoth drinking from Dianthus. Moth gets water and will then spread pollen from the flower so it can reproduce

23. Mutualism and Plant Love Honeybees pollinate flowers The bees get food The plants are able to make babies!

24. Parasitism One organism (parasite) obtains its nutrition from another organism (host) to the harm of the host. The parasite usually benefits and the host is usually harmed Desert Mistletoe living of of a Paloverde tree

25. Fleas and Coyotes Fleas feed on the coyote. The coyote looses blood, had sores, and potentially gets diseases from the fleas

26. Triple Venn Summary Use a 3-circle Venn Diagram to compare and contrast parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.