1. PERSONAL MOBILE LIBRARY (PML) A thumbs solution to student social learning 1

2. PML PROJECT TEAM The Team Younes Hajji Magnus Hørven Anne Merete Driveklepp Kien Trung Nguyen Dariusz Mateusz Zasada Isaiah O. Omolo Henry Ssekyewa 2

3. P ROBLEM D EFINITION UiO’s Academic and Research policy – bilateral and multilateral cooperation with other research institutes International exchange program – knowledge transfer The Opportunity 1. Lack of course info – loss of time 2. High rate of adoption of new technology by target segment 3. Increasing demand for computational resources – for synchronizing multiple documents online, applications, storage and databases This coincides with the desire for mobility, collaboration and communication between persons and their artefacts. Its within the above opportunities that PML find rationale 3

4. O BJECTIVE PML derives its objective in the overall mission of UiO Library – enhancing student learning environment. Goal: Develop a mobile application that allows students to access academic information while at the same time integrating existing technology application and services to improve education experience. 4

5. R ESEARCH Q UESTION Tablet attributes regarding portability, touch design and mobility –allowing for realtime communication, enhanced graphical and textual collaboration, mobility, some degree of ecological flexibility and interaction between persons and artefacts within geographical proximity. Therefore; ”How can tablets attributes be enhanced to foster the student academic and social learning experience?” 5

6. T HE I NTERNET Impact of the web: 1. Social and economic transformal role 2. Support for application and softwares 3. Desire for speed and unlimited mobile systems 4. Enhancement of internet capabilities and mobile systems 5. Increased social networking 6. Introduction of new technology products and applications 6

7. L ITERATURE REVIEW Theoretical review 1. Mobility and interaction 2. Education and Collaboration 3. Technology and usage 4. Human centered design 7

8. T HEORY : M OBILITY AND INTERACTION (I) In the PML INF5261 project, we have used Physical meetings Email Dropbox Videoconference (Skype) Telephone to be able to communicate and cooperate. Being mobile is “not just a matter of people traveling, but … related to the interaction they perform “ (Kakihara, 2001). 09.08.2015 8 8

9. T HEORY : M OBILITY AND INTERACTION (II) This mobility and interaction have been Spatial mobility: ” the use of iPAD (object) and Dropbox (symbols) in the physical and cyberspace INF5261 PML group (space) Temporal mobility: have ”creating new opportunities ….” (Kakihara, 2001:35) Contextual mobility: the INF5261 PML group, that have enhanced learning. 09.08.2015 9 9

10. T HEORY : E DUCATION AND C OLLABORATION I Central objective of students in education and professional environment is knowledge acquisition most effectively transfered through collaboration. Obstacles to learning: Distance Learning: speed and access to academic support infrastructure Team work: real time project execution Organisational flexibility: interaction of individuals and artefacts within geographical space. 09.08.2015 10

11. T HEORY : E DUCATION AND C OLLABORATION II The iPAD and PML could be useful tools to minimize these obstacles, by beeing the place ( Harrison & Dourish,1996) where students can get a better overview and maintain better awareness, (Belotti & Bly, 1996). 09.08.2015 11

12. T HEORY : E DUCATION AND C OLLABORATION III Use of iPAD can Be more flexible (than PC) and support micromobility (Luff & Heath,1998). Be used together with one or more devices (Alsos & Svanæs, 2006), 09.08.2015 12

13. T HEORY : E DUCATION AND C OLLABORATION IV The iPAD is the new Memex! (Bush,1945 ) 09.08.2015 13

14. T ECHNOLOGY AND USE  Mobility and access: geographical space with respect to graphical and textual interface, visual and audio interaction features of technology  Use and flexibility: reconfiguration of artefacts with regard to ongoing activities  Technology efficiency: Heterogenous combination of technologies and applications  Real time collaboration: duplication of activities, file sharing, spatial co-location 14

15. H UMAN CENTERED DESIGN Human centered design- framework on user perspective in the development of user friendly software and technology. It involves iterative design and user-feedback. Key activities in HC design (Maguire, 2001) 1. Process and product definition: planning HCD process 2. Concept development: specify context of use 3. Organizational resources: identify user and organizational requirements 4. Prototyping: design and prototype development 5. User based assessment: iterative evaluation 15

16. R ESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY Based in a form for case study research theories developed by Yin (2004) Divided into six steps: 1. Formulation of research question 2. Review of relevant research papers 3. Analysis of existing solution relevant to the research question 4. Empirical data collection - interviews 5. Evaluate and empirical data analysis and prototype development 6. Report writing 16

17. D ATA COLLECTION 1. Literature review – Journal articles 2. Interviews  Active iPad users – target segment  Narrowed down to IFI, and Entrepreneuship and Innovation students 17

18. W ORKING ENVIRONMENT 1. Organization: Team leadership 2. Implementation:  Team work: individual task assignment  Progress: Weekly meeting  Working platform: dropbox 18

19. T HE C ASE  Students  Ipad  Mobile Collaboration  Support for learning  Prototype 19

20. T HE I DEA  Annotate  Groups  Courses  Articles  Friends  Local Library 20

21. U SER GROUP  UiO Students  IFI Students  iPad Users 21

22. T HE TECHNOLOGY  xCode editor.  Objective-c programming language.  A Mac laptop.  iPad devices. 22

23. P ROTOTYPE D EVELOPMENT Protyping process was multi-stage involving development of prototypes and testing Prototype I 1. Combining iAnnotate and iThoughts  Content from iAnnotate and parse to iThoughts 2. Creating a 3rd party program  To do parsing and exporting 3. Bypassing the iOS sandbox  By Jailbreaking 23

24. P ROTOTYPE I 24

25. P ROTOTYPE I Challenges 1. Jailbreak removes iOS sandbox but not application sandbox  Other ways to bypass, but too hard 2. Failure with application sandbox means 3rd party program failure  Other ways of doing it, but too comple 3. Against apple policy 25

26. B ACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD Create an application with all functionality – No need to think get content from another app Create it as a standalone application – No need to think about the sandbox Make it more social 26

27. W ORKSHOP We held a workshop for students to help create the interface and design of Prototype II Feedback helped shape Prototype II  A standalone social iPad application  Designed to be user friendly 27

28. P ROTOTYPE II 28

29. U SER FEEDBACK - P ROTOTYPE II 1. Interviews  The users tested the prototype on iPad during the interviews. 2. The users participated in enhancing the final prototype.  Enhancing the design.  Enhancing the functionalities and usability. 29

30. C ONCLUSION I - D ESIGN CHALLENGE Interaction between personnel and objects are intertwined with the current activities within a geographical proximity. PML requires a multi platform application with heterogenous combination of existing technologies. Research in application of Android, IOS platform The PML should then be ”accessible by everyone from every device” as expressed in Boyera (2007). 09.08.2015 30

31. T HANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME ! Any questions? 09.08.2015 31