1. BIOLOGICAL SAND WATER PURIFICATION FILTER MARK EIMER LAURA WILSON

2. CUSTOMER/SOCIETY TIMOR-LESTE/EAST TIMOR, INDONESIA CAPITAL: DILI POPULATION: 1,040,880 (2005 ESTIMATE) LANGUAGE: OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ARE PORTUGUESE AND TETUM RELIGION: MAJOR RELIGION ROMAN CATHOLIC ADULT LITERACY: 59 PERCENT LIFE EXPECTANCY: 55 YEARS GOVERNMENT: REPUBLIC ACCESS TO SAFE WATER: 52 PERCENT POPULATION LIVING ON LESS THAN NZ$3/DAY: UNKNOWN

3. BIOLOGICAL SAND WATER PURIFICATION 60 Inches Tall 4 Inches Tall 12 Inches Diameter 40 Inches Tall Diffuser Plate Cover Fine Gravel Coarse Gravel Spout 2 Inches Tall 4 Inches Tall Biological Sand Layer Filter Sand

4. BIOLOGICAL SAND WATER PURIFICATION

5. PROOF OF CONCEPT MATERIALS TWO FIVE GALLON BUCKETS WITH LIDS PLAY SAND PEA GRAVEL RIVER ROCK ½” PVC PIPE PROOF OF CONCEPT PROCESS PVC PIPE ½” OFF OF THE BOTTOM ONE INCH RIVER ROCK ON THE BOTTOM ONE INCH PEA GRAVEL ON TOP OF RIVER ROCK EIGHT INCHES OF PLAY SAND ON TOP OF PEA GRAVEL LID WAS USED AS A DIFFUSER PLATE SECOND BUCKET WAS USED FOR RESERVOIR

6. SPECIFICATIONS CONCRETE CONTAINER 60 INCHES TALL X 12 INCHES IN DIAMETER STAINLESS STEEL DIFFUSER PLATE 12 INCHES DIAMETER COARSE GRAVEL (¼ TO ½”) 4 INCHES DEEP FINE GRAVEL (PEA) 4 INCHES DEEP FINE FILTER SAND (SILT FREE) 40 INCHES DEEP CONCRETE COVER 12 INCHES DIAMETER PVC 40 DRAINAGE SPOUT (1/2” X 72”)

7. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS (DEFINE THE PROBLEM) OUR GOAL IS TO DEVELOP A WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR A THIRD WORLD COUNTRY THAT IS SUSTAINABLE USING LOCAL RESOURCES. THE COUNTRY THAT WAS CHOSEN WAS TIMOR-LESTE OR EAST TIMOR, INDONESIA. (BRAINSTORM, RESEARCH, AND GENERATE IDEAS) – THE NATURAL RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND INDUSTRIES THAT WERE AVAILABLE WERE: NATURAL RESOURCES: GOLD, PETROLEUM, NATURAL GAS, MANGANESE, MARBLE. AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS: COFFEE, RICE, CORN, CASSAVA, SWEET POTATOES, SOYBEANS, CABBAGE, MANGOES, BANANAS, VANILLA. INDUSTRIES: PRINTING, SOAP MANUFACTURING, HANDICRAFTS, WOVEN CLOTH. BASED ON WHAT WAS AVAILABLE, WE HAVE DETERMINED THAT A BIOLOGICAL SAND FILTRATION SYSTEM WOULD BE THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND SUSTAINABLE TO MEET THE NEEDS. WE ALSO LOOKED AT A CLOTH/BOIL METHOD TO ACHIEVE SAFE POTABLE DRINKING WATER.

8. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS (IDENTIFY CRITERIA/ CONSTRAINTS) – THE CRITERIA DECIDED ON WERE THAT THE RESOLUTION MUST BE SIMPLE, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE. IT MUST BE EASY TO INSTALL AND MAINTAIN. THE WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM MUST LEVERAGE LOCAL MATERIALS SUCH AS GRAVEL AND SAND AND MUST BE ABLE TO FILTER OUT 100% OF THE SEDIMENT AND 98% OF THE BIOLOGICAL MICRO ORGANISMS TO ENSURE SAFE POTABLE DRINKING WATER. (DEVELOP/PROPOSE DESIGNS/CHOOSE AMONG ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS) – THE TWO SOLUTIONS THAT WE PROPOSED WERE A BIOLOGICAL SAND FILTRATION SYSTEM OR A CLOTH FILTRATION/BOIL METHOD. THE CLOTH FILTRATION/BOIL METHOD WHILE SIMPLE IN DESIGN AND LEVERAGED LOCAL MATERIALS (CLOTH, GAS/OIL) WOULD REQUIRE MORE MAINTENANCE AND SUPERVISION WHILE THE BIOLOGICAL SAND FILTRATION SYSTEM ONCE BUILT ONLY REQUIRES WATER TO BE DEPOSITED INTO THE TOP AND TIME WOULD ALLOW FOR SAFE POTABLE WATER WHILE THE DIRTY WATER WORKED ITS WAY THROUGH BIOLOGICAL SAND AND GRAVEL FILTRATION. (IMPLEMENT THE PROPOSED SOLUTION) – A CONCRETE OR PLASTIC CONTAINER 5 FEET TALL AND 12 INCHES IN DIAMETER IS REQUIRED FOR THE BASE OF THE BIOLOGICAL SAND FILTRATION SYSTEM. A SPOUT IS INSERTED ONE INCH FROM THE BOTTOM UNDER THE COARSE GRAVEL AND BROUGHT UP VERTICALLY JUST BELOW THE DIFFUSION PLATE. THE CONTAINER FROM THE BOTTOM UP CONSISTS OF FOUR INCHES OF COARSE GRAVEL, FOUR INCHES OF FINE GRAVEL, FORTY INCHES OF SILT FREE SAND, A DIFFUSER PLATE SO THAT THE BIOLOGICAL SAND IS NOT DISTURBED WHEN POURING DIRTY WATER IN AND A COVER FOR THE CONTAINER SO DEBRIS AND INSECTS CANNOT GET INTO THE CONTAINER.

9. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS (MAKE A MODEL OR PROTOTYPE) – SEE SLIDE 2 FOR PROTOTYPE DETAILS. (EVALUATE THE SOLUTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES) – THE DESIGNED SYSTEM HAS A LOWER COST, CONTAINS NO MOVING PARTS, AND IS AS EFFECTIVE AS OTHER PROPOSED SOLUTIONS. (REFINE THE DESIGN) – SEVERAL DESIGN OPTIONS WERE CONSIDERED. REAL WORLD APPLICATION NEEDED FOR FURTHER REFINEMENT. (CREATE THE FINAL DESIGN) – BARRING FURTHER REFINING, THE SYSTEM IS AS CLOSE TO FINAL AS IT CAN BE. (COMMUNICATE THE PROCESSES AND RESULTS) – THE DESIGN PROCESS ALLOWED A METHODICAL APPROACH TO SOLVING A PROBLEM. WE BELIEVE THAT WE WOULD HAVE TO GAIN FEEDBACK FROM EAST TIMOR LOCALS AFTER ONE MONTH TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SOLUTION THAT MET THE CRITERIA AND THE CONSTRAINTS.

10. MANUFACTURING LOCATIONS HOUSTON, TEXAS POPULATION: 2,160,821 FEMALE:49.8% MALE:50.2% AFRICAN AMERICAN: 23.7% AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE: 0.7% ASAIN: 6.0% NATIVE HAWAIIAN OR OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER: 0.1% TWO OR MORE RACES: 3.3% HISPANIC OR LATINO: 43.8% WHITE: 25.6% UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 5.7% CLAYTON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA POPULATION: 15,543 FEMALE: 48% MALE: 52% AUSTRALIA NATIVE: 28.1% CHINA: 16.8% INDIA: 9.7% MALAYSIA: 5% GREECE: 3.3% INDONESIA: 3.1% UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 12.3%

11. MANUFACTURING LOCATIONS HOUSTON, TEXAS EDUCATION LEVELS: LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL 26% HIGH SCHOOL 23% SOME COLLEGE/ASSOCAITES DEGREE: 23% BACHELOR DEGREE OR HIGHER: 28% MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: 44,121 COST OF LIVING: CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: 88.85 RENT INDEX: 52.62 GROCERIES INDEX: 88.37 RESTAURANTS INDEX: 75.43 CONSUMER PRICE PLUS RENT INDEX: 71.41 LOCAL PURCHASING POWER: 114.97 CLAYTON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA EDUCATION LEVELS: YEAR 12 OR EQUIVALENT: 77.86% YEAR 11 OR EQUIVALENT: 4.9% YEAR 10 OR EQUIVALENT: 5.52% YEAR 9 OR EQUIVALENT: 3.19% YEAR 8 OR BELOW: 6.98% MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $953.00 PER WEEK, $49,556.00 A YEAR COST OF LIVING: CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: 112.68 RENT INDEX: 59.68 GROCERIES INDEX: 110.46 RESTAURANTS INDEX: 97.65 CONSUMER PRICE PLUS RENT INDEX: 87.16 LOCAL PURCHASING POWER: 104.37

12. MANUFACTURING LOCATIONS HOUSTON, TEXASCLAYTON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA OUR COMPANY CHOOSE THE LOCATION IN CLAYTON, VICTORIA, 3168, AUSTRAILIA. WE CHOOSE THIS LOCATION DUE TO THE CLOSE PROXMITY TO EAST TIMOR FOR LOWER SHIPPING COST. THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IS HIGHER THAN HOUSTON, TX LOCATION. THE COST OF LIVING IS CLOSE ALTHOUGH CLAYTON IS A LITTLE HIGHER THAN HOUSTON.