1. CIS 191AB Textbook
UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook 4th Edition
Authors:
Evi Nemeth
Garth Snyder
Trent Hein
Ben Whaley
Used for CIS191 and CIS192
Last year’s book may also be used.
Summarize their collective experience in system administration – a practical book with pragmatic advice.
Describes the use of Linux in production environments e.g. businesses, universities, and government offices.
Heavy emphasis on networking.
Material is not oversimplified – reflects true-life situations and often taken from production systems.
Covers five major Linux distributions: Red Hat, Suse, Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora.

2. Each student gets an account on Opus
Opus Linux Server
opus.cabrillo.edu
Remote shell access via SSH. SCP
access for turning in lab assignments
Each student gets an account on Opus

3. Online Help Forum for Students
Post questions and answers
Share Linux information
Post class notes for classmates who miss class
Only your real names please!
Note: Posts count towards class participation.

4. Remote Access Lab Remote Desktop access to cislab.cabrillo.edu
Student accounts
Access to your own virtual machine
24/7 access
Labs may be done remotely.
Do installations with a variety of distros.

5. vCenter Server

6. Virtual Machines

7. Classroom Network . . ESXi Servers Lab Machines Internet 172.30.1.0/24
nopar .1
/24
/24
.101 .5
.101
station-01
.100
.102
cislab
.102
.10
instructor
station-02
.103
.10 .
netlab
.103
snickers
(DHCP) .2
.110
station-03
nosmo .
ESXi Servers
Lab Machines

8. Can do arranged hours in CTC 1404
CIS Lab
Can do arranged hours in CTC 1404
In the former recording studio:
VMware Workstation.
Multiple ISOs for installation practice.
Trouble VM for trouble-shooting practice for CIS 191.
Can boot from USB to test custom distros on pen drives.
Putty access to Opus.
CIS Lab Network is /24

9. Open Putty on Windows desktop Enter opus.cabrillo.edu as hostname
Class Exercise
Opus, Website and Forum
Access Opus:
Open Putty on Windows desktop
Enter opus.cabrillo.edu as hostname
Click Open
Logon with your login name or guest191 and password on the board.
Change your PATH variable to include: /home/cis191/bin
The guest191 account will have the path modified to include /home/cis191/bin directory so the review program can be run. Students will need to modify their own paths on their opus accounts when they get them.
Add PATH=$PATH:$HOME/../bin to

10. Class Exercise (continued)
Opus, Website and Forum
Access forum:
Click on Forum link in top panel of website
Click on CIS191 forum
Click on first post
Register yourself using your first and last name for your username*
*Note, this forum is for CIS students only and not for spammers . Only usernames with that contain actual first and last names of registered students will be approved by the moderator. All other usernames will be rejected.

11. Operating Systems Various UNIX Products SCO UNIX AIX HP-UX Solaris
Solaris
Mac OS X

12. Various Linux Distributions
Operating Systems
Various Linux Distributions
OpenSUSE
Red Hat 9
Fedora
Debian
Ubuntu
Many distributions include visually oriented tools that help you configure or administer selected aspects of the system. These tools can be very useful, especially for novice administrators, but they do tend to obscure the details of what’s actually going on when you make changes. In this [class], we cover the underlying mechanisms that the visual tools refer to rather than the tools themselves, for several reasons.
For one, the visual tools tend to be proprietary, or at least distribution-specific. They introduce variation into processes that may actually be quite consistent among distributions at a lower level. Second, we believe that it’s important for administrators to have an accurate understanding of how their systems work. When the system breaks, the visual tools are usually not helpful in tracking down and fixing problems. Finally, manual configuration is often just plain better; it’s faster, more flexible, more reliable, and easier to script.
CentOS
Knoppix

13. Linux Distributions compare and contrast
Similarities:
kernel from kernel.org
system commands
bash shell
X Windows
Differences:
Installation programs
Graphical utilities
3rd party software
Package management

14. Basic role of a multi-user multi-tasking operating system
users
programs
Operating System
hardware

15. Architecture Dependent
GNU/Linux Operating System Architecture
Users
(multi-user)
Programs (multi-tasking)
User
Space
Shell
Applications
Commands & Utilities
X / Desktops
Richard Stallman started the GNU project in 1983 to create a free UNIX-like OS. He Founded the Free Software Foundation in In 1989 he wrote the first version of the GNU General Public License
GNU C Library (glibc)
Kernel1
System Call Interface
Process
Management
Memory
Management
Virtual
File System
Network
Stack
References and optional further reading
Anatomy of the Linux kernel
By Tim Jones, IBM,
Kernel command using Linux system calls
By M. Tim Jones
Security Report: Windows vs Linux
By Nicolas Petreley
The Tanenbaum-Torvalds Debate
GNU/Linux naming controversy
Kernel
Space
Architecture Dependent
Kernel Code
Device Drivers
Linus Torvalds, as a student, initially conceived and assembled the Linux kernel in The kernel was later re-licensed under the GNU General Public License in 1992.
Hardware
1See “Anatomy of the Linux kernel” by M. Tim Jones at

16. User Space Components Shell (in /bin)
Command interpreter and programming language (scripting)
Commands and utilities (in /bin, /sbin, /usr)
cat, ping, ls, fdisk, chmod, man, ifconfig, ’s more
X / Desktops (in /usr)
X window managers, gnome, kde, etc.
GNU C Library (in /lib)
Math, string, input, output, logging, kernel system calls, etc.
Applications (in /usr, /opt)
Browsers, word processing, spreadsheets, software development, administration, databases, web servers, etc.
Design
Programs restricted to the privileges of the user running them
Unlike Windows, the GUI does not run in the kernel
Unlike Windows, multiple graphical desktops available

17. The Linux Kernel (in /boot)
Major Subsystems:
System Call Interface
mechanism for user space programs to request kernel services.
Process Management
handles fork, exec, exit, kill, signals, CPU scheduling, etc.
Memory Management
allocation, usage tracking, paging, etc.
Virtual File System
open, close, read, write, caching, etc.
Architecture Dependent Kernel Code
Drivers (dynamically loadable drivers are in /lib/modules)
Design
Linux kernel is “monolithic”, not a “microkernel”
Dynamic – can load and unload modules on the fly
Over time has become efficient, stable and portable

18. UNIX/Linux User Interfaces
CLI – Command Line Interface
GUI - Graphical User Interface
TUI - Text User Interface (uses curses library) 18

19. Types of Installations
CD, DVD, or ISO image
Live CD/DVD
Attended vs. Unattended
Local vs. Network
Imaging software (Ghost, ImageCast)
Build from scratch

20. Three steps to an installation
Prepare the storage device
Partition the disk
Format the filesystems
Select mount points for those filesystems
Copy the selected packages
Package groups, packages, files
Write out the boot loader
MBR or boot sector (GRUB, LILO, SYSLinux)
Everything else is configuration