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EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING ON SELF-ESTEEM IN YOUNG PEOPLE By Christina McKee
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INTRODUCTION Media use is on the rise Don’t know much about the psychological effects
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HOW DOES SOCIAL NETWORKING AFFECT THE SELF-ESTEEM OF YOUNG PEOPLE?
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OUTLINE Negative Effects of General Exposure Specific Negative and Positive Effects Correlational and Experimental Designs Suggested Conclusions
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NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE Time spent Cyber bullying Implicit comparisons
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NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING Receiving negative feedback Focusing on others’ information* High level of investment
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LEVEL OF INVESTMENT Dedication to the site Negative self-esteem Depressed mood
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POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING Receiving positive feedback Self-presentation Focus on close friends
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FOCUSING ON CLOSE FRIENDS Browse Facebook Self-presentation Focus on close friends Higher self-esteem
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CORRELATIONAL VS. EXPERIMENTAL
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CORRELATIONAL DATA Most studies correlational Limitation: not causal results End up with or already have low self-esteem?*
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EXPERIMENTAL DATA Only two of the six studies May be more artificial due to high levels of control Really use Facebook this way, or only because they were told to ? STRENGTH OF CORRELATIONS: Naturalistic!
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CONCLUSIONS Psychological effects of social networking not well known Others Negative self-esteem Self Positive self-esteem
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REFERENCES Acar, A. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of online social networking behavior: The case of Facebook. Journal of website promotion, 3(1-2), 62-83. Gonzales, A. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2011). Mirror, mirror on my Facebook wall: Effects of exposure to Facebook on self-esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 79-83. Neira, B., Corey, J., & Barber, B. L. (2014). Social networking site use: Linked to adolescents' social self ‐ concept, self ‐ esteem, and depressed mood. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(1), 56-64. Social Media Use on the Rise Among Seniors - SiteProNews. (2013, August 6). Retrieved December 9, 2014. Solis, B. (2012, December 12). Social Media as the Next Web. Retrieved December 9, 2014. Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434-445. Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590. Wilcox, K., & Stephen, A. T. (2013). Are close friends the enemy? Online social networks, self-esteem, and self-control. Journal of Consumer research, 40(1), 90-103.
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SELF-ESTEEM AND SOCIAL CAPITAL Bridging social capital Correlational, longitudinal study Strangers for professional purposes Those with lower self-esteem benefited most
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SELF-ESTEEM AND STRANGERS Facebook usage Multi-faceted questionnaire Including strangers harmful to self-esteem
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