2. Bar code and RFID technology

3. Group members: Faizan Kiani Abdul Basit Samson Rafiq Waleed Saleem

4. What is barcode?

5. Introduction A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of certain data, which shows certain data on certain product originally.

6. How barcode represent data?

7. Barcode represent data in the widths (lines) and the spacing of parallel lines, and referred to as liner or 1D(1 dimensional) barcode and also referred 2D(2 dimensional) barcode or symbologies.

8. HISTORY The first barcode was developed in 1948 by two graduate students at Drexel is Institute of tecnology,bernard silver and Norman Joseph woodland. They filed for a us patent in October 1949 and it was grated in 1952.

9. First use of barcode The first use of barcode was to label railroad cars. but they were not commercially successful until they were used to automate checkout system, a task in which they have become almost universal.

10. How barcode can read? Barcode can read by its reader or scanners.

11. Barcode Reader

12. Barcode reader is used to read barcode it tells us the original data.Barecode reader are built from a fixed light and a single photosensor that is manually “scurebbed”across the barcode.

13. How barcode reader works? Barcode reader use a photosensor (A type of sensor that detects the presence of an object through the use of a beam of light) to convert the barcode into an electrical signal as it moves across a barcode The scanner then measure the relative widths of bars and spacing,translates the different patterns back into regular characters and sends them on to as computer or portable terminal.

15. Types of barcode There are many types but here we discuss few of them UPC Code 39 Code 93 Code 128 2D code

16. UPC Continues data Many bar widths Worldwide retail use

17. Code 39 Discrete data Two bar widths Various uses

18. Code 93/128 Both continues data Many bar widths Various uses

19. 2D 2D also called matrix code Wikipedia URl uses Matrix form

20. USES On grocery store products Department store Mass merchandiser (uses upc) Barcode are widely used in shop floor control applications software where employees can scan work orders and enter the time spent on a job.

21. Benefits Fast-selling items can be identified quickly and automatically reordered to meet consumer demand. Slow-selling items can be identified, prevention a build-up of unwanted stock. The effects of repositioning a given product within a store can be monitored allowing fast-moving more profitable items to occupy the best space.

22. Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations very accurately. Items may be repriced shelf to reflect both sale prices and price increases. --------------------------------------------

23. References ^ Fishman, Charles (August 1, 2001). "The Killer App - Bar None". American Way. http://www.americanwaymag.com/so-woodland- bar-code-bernard-silver-drexel-university ^"The Killer App - Bar None" http://www.americanwaymag.com/so-woodland- bar-code-bernard-silver-drexel-university :: Varchaver, Nicholas (2004-05-31). "Scanning the Globe". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune _archive/2004/05/31/370719/index.htm"Scanning the Globe"Fortune http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune _archive/2004/05/31/370719/index.htm : Rfid reader: TechNovelgy.com http://www.technovelgy.com /ct/technology-article.asp?artnum=54 : Uses of barcode:www.Adams1.comAdams1.com : Benefits: www.Expedimedia.comExpedimedia.com

24. Radio Frequency Identification

25. RFID: What it is? Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal, or person. An alternative to bar code. RFID is also called dedicated short range communication.

26. History of RFID: Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman. Initial application was during World War II-The United Kingdom used RFID devices to distinguish returning English airplanes from inbound German ones. RADAR was only able to signal the presence of a plane, not the kind of plane it was.. Came into commercial use only in 1990s.

27. Components of RFID.

28. Active RFID TAGS: Battery Powered tags –Have much greater range – 100m –Hold much more information – Kbytes –Can integrate sensing technology Temperature, GPS –Can signal at defined time –Multiple tags can be recorded at once Used for higher value items –Shipping containers –Babies –Electronic assets Cost between $20 and $40 per item Life between 2 – 4 years

29. Passive RFID Tags: Tag contains small chip, and a small antenna that stores a small amount of data. Tags can be programmed at manufacture or on installation. Tags are powered by high power electromagnetic field generated by antennas – usually in door ways.

30. Electronic product code-EPC Each tag contains a unique code that facilitating the identification process & is known as EPC. E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits) Header – defines version of EPC(8 bits) EPC Manager – describes originator of EPC (Product manufacturer) (28 bits) Object Class - Could describe the product type (24 Bits) Serial Number – Unique ID for that product item (36 Bits)

31. RFID Vs Bar Code RFID BARCODE Forging is difficult.Forging is easy. Scanner not required. No need to bring the tag near the reader. Scanner needs to see the bar code to read it. RFID is comparatively fast. Can read multiple tags.Can read only one tag at a time.

32. Used where unique identification is needed. Large Retail companies – Product Tracking. Hospitals & Nursing Homes – Patient Tagging. Airports – Baggage Tracking. Security Applications – Contactless Smart Cards. RFID Readers could also WRITE onto Tags. RFID Sensors to sense temperature, movement, radiation, food quality. Passports-UK, Australia, Finland, Ireland. RFID is used in Libraries. Replacing Barcodes. Uses of RFID:

33. Initiatives in RFID. Patni Computer Systems Lab – Implemented Animal Tracking System Wipro Technologies - Member of the Electronic Product Code (EPC) Setting up a lab to study RFID Working on pilot projects Infosys Technologies – RFID consulting on logistics player in the RFID space. TCS have tied up with Hyderabad university to produce RFID tagged mark sheets & degrees to deter use of fake degree. Intell icon - pilot project for BEL Bangalore, tags installed on employee buses. Buses inside the BEL campus were tracked with the aim of gauging employee punctuality

34. Issues / Concerns Cost of RFID technology. Active RFID life. 2-4 years. Extremely weather. Security concerns. Illicit tracking of RFID tags. Global standardization. Environmental concern. Recycling RFID system are vulnerable to virus.

35. Conclusion Gillette & Co: Objective: To Track movement of product from Packaging Centre to Plant’s distribution centre.  Previously- >Using Bar Code, time taken=80 sec to 20 min.  In 1999-> With RFID it takes 20 seconds.  Gains->Gillette saves 20% in Operational Cost at each Distribution Centre.

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37. THANK YOU!!!!