1. Intel® Processor Architecture: Multi-core Overview Intel® Software College

2. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 2 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to understand: the benefits that multi/many core the multi/many - core trend

3. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 3 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview Power: Increasing Pipelines for Processor Performance Advantages If instruction stream runs without issue it runs fast Marketing value to running at high processor speeds Disadvantages Processor takes larger hit for performance issues Branch mispredict costs ~10 cycle on PIII and costs ~30 cycles today on current P4 Power (Pay attention this is the important) Transistors fire faster causing more leakage and greater amount of power Primary problem is gate oxide leakage

4. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 4 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview Effects of Transistor Leakage on Processor Power: 2002 A. Grove, IEDM 2002 "Scaling is already dead but nobody noticed it had stopped breathing and its lips had turned blue.“ Bernie Meyerson, IBM CTO on Scaling Between 130 and 90 nm

5. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 5 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview Processor Power and Processor Speed 2 Dropping Frequency = Large Drop Power Lower Frequency Allows Headroom for 2 nd Core

6. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 6 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview Demo Performance comparison: single-threaded vs. multi-threaded program

7. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 7 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview

8. Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel ® Software College 8 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview Converged Core: The Core Micro-architecture is basis for mobile, desktop, and server processors Mobile Platform Optimized 2 Execution Cores 2/4MB L2 Cache Sizes 35 Watt TDP/ 1.5W Avg Power Optimized Silicon Deep C4 State** Bus Geyserville ** 64-bit Mobile Platform Merom-4M 4M L2 Merom-2M 2M L2 Desktop Platform Conroe-2M Desktop Platform Optimized 2 Execution Cores 2/4MB Cache Sizes Higher Bus Frequencies 65W TDP/~7.5W Avg 64-bit Conroe-4M 4M L2 2M L2 Server Platform Optimized 2 to 4 Execution Cores 4 to 8MB L2 Caches DP/MP support Various platform features 80W TDP 64-bit 2 cores **Feature Names TBD Server/Workstation Platform August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 2-4 cores All dates provided are subject to change without notice.