2. Landscaping for Wildlife Attracting Birds to Your Backyard Photo by Mark Hostetler

3. Landscaping for Birds Biology and Behavior Biology and Behavior Elements of Bird Landscaping Elements of Bird Landscaping What do birds eat? What do birds eat? Life History Life History Migration Migration Food Food Cover Cover Water Water Common Florida Birds Common Florida Birds

4. Insectivores Insectivores Grainivore Grainivore What do birds eat? Frugivores Frugivores Cedar Waxwing

5. What do birds eat? Nectivores Nectivores Photo by Paul Conover Ruby-throated Hummingbird Carnivores Carnivores American Kestrel Loggerhead Shrike

6. Adult Adult Photo by Joe Schaefer Juvenile Juvenile Life History Egg Egg

7. Migration The movement of birds from one region to another The movement of birds from one region to another Migration follows weather changes Migration follows weather changes

8. Winter Residents Cedar Waxwing

9. Summer Residents Photo by Paul Conover Ruby-throated Hummingbird

10. Birds that pass through Florida Photo by Dan Sudia, American Redstart Photo by Dan Sudia, Rose-breasted Grosbeak

11. Year-round Residents

12. Attracting Birds to your Yard Photo by Anamari Mena

13. Three Important Elements to Landscaping for Birds WATER WATER FOOD FOOD COVER COVER Photo by Mark Hostetler

14. FOOD Photo by Anamari Mena Photo by Joe Schaefer

15. Food Resources for Birds Native plants Native plants Insects Insects Seed types Seed types Bird feeders Bird feeders Suet mixes Suet mixes

16. Red bay, Joe Schaefer Southern Magnolia, Joe SchaeferDahoon holly, Joe Schaefer Southern red cedar, D. Bryan Sea Grape, Tim McCabe Native Florida Plants

17. American beautyberryPokeweed Trumpet vine Dogwood Wild Grape Virginia creeper More Native Florida Plants Photos by Joe Schaefer

18. Photo by Joe SchaeferInsects Photo by Joe Schaefer, Zebra Long Wing Photo by Joe Schaefer, Gulf Fritillary www.flwildflowers.com

19. Seed Types Photo by Michele Dunbar SafflowerMixed Seed Black-oil Sunflower Cracked Corn Red MiloWhite Millet Thistle House Finch & Sunflower

20. Seed Cakes & Suet Photo by Michele Dunbar Variety of foods mixed into melted fat Make your own peanut butter seed cakes Commercial suet cakes Hanging Suet baskets

21. Common Bird Feeders Hummingbird feeders Hummingbird feeders Platform feeders Platform feeders Stationary feeders Stationary feeders Hanging feeders Hanging feeders

22. Platform Feeders Platforms should be porous to allow for water drainage A flat sturdy surface that simulates the ground Photo by

23. Stationary Feeders Provide stable feeding station for birds to land on Photos by Anamari Mena

24. Hanging Feeders Tube Feeders Seed Hoppers Photo by Joe Schaefer Photo by Anamari Mena

25. Hummingbird Feeders Feeding solution should be made of four parts water to one part white granulated sugar Photos by Joe Schafer

26. COVER Photo by Joe Schaefer

27. Types of Cover Native vegetation Native vegetation Brush piles Brush piles Snags Snags Nest boxes Nest boxes

28. Native Vegetation Varying levels and densities is important Photo by Mark Hostetler

29. Provide cover Start with a solid base of cement blocks Pile on your trimmings Photo by Joe Schaefer Standing dead trees Provide for nesting and foraging Leave dead trees or plant snags in your yard Brush Piles and Snags

30. Nest Boxes Build your own nest box Purple Martin House Use cedar, fir, pine, redwood & galvanized nails Size of nest box & entrance hole are most important Photo by Joe Schafer Photo by Anamari Mena

31. WATER Photos by Joe Schafer

32. Sources of Water Ponds Ponds Attracting birds with water Attracting birds with water Birdbaths Birdbaths

33. Birdbaths Surface should be rough and textured Shallow with gently sloping sides Photo by Joe Schafer

34. Building A Pond Decide on the size and location Dig out & line your pond with plastic Fill with water and decorations Photos by Joe Schafer

35. Attracting Birds With the Sound of Water The sound of dripping water attracts birds Dripping Spout Hanging Container Photo by Mark HostetlerPhoto by Anamari Mena

36. Common Bird Species Found in Backyard Habitats Photo by Joe Schaefer

37. The Northern Mockingbird The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Range: Year-round throughout Florida Photo by George Jameson Description: Gray with white wing & tail patches This is our State bird!

38. The Northern Mockingbird The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Attracting: native plants Photo by Deanna Dawson Feeding: insects and fruit Nesting: cup nest of twigs, leaves, & grass built in low shrub Eggs: blue or green with red speckles

39. Female: brown, with steaks of red on crest wing, tail & orange bill Male: bright red with crest, black face, stout red bill Northern Cardinal Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Range: Year-round throughout Florida Description: Photos by Dan Sudia

40. Northern Cardinal Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Attracting: corn, nuts, sunflower seeds Photo by Fed Fallon Feeding: seed, fruit, insects Nesting: tall shrubs to small trees bowl-shaped, twigs, bark, grass, hair Eggs: pale green, spotted red-brown Photo by Dan Sudia

41. Female: metallic green above, whitish beneath Photo by Pat Lynch Photo by Paul Conover Male: bright red throat patch & black chin Ruby-throated Hummingbird Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archiloctius colubris) Range: Description: 3-4 in. long; beat wings 80 times per second & fly backwards!

42. Ruby-throated Hummingbird Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archiloctius colubris) Attracting: native plants, feeders Photo by Pat Lynch Feeding: nectar, insects Nesting: tiny cup of soft plant material, spider web, lichen Eggs: tiny and white

43. Purple Martin Purple Martin (Progne subis) Range: Photo by Marshall Iliff Description: Male: glossy purple-blue Female: dull gray/blue above, grayish below

44. Purple Martin Purple Martin (Progne subis) Attracting: martin houses Feeding: insects Nesting: man-made houses; grass, leaves, mud feathers, twigs Eggs: white Photo by Anamari Mena

45. Female: red nape Photo by Fed Fallon Red-bellied Woodpecker Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Range: year-round Florida residents Description: barred black/white back; pale reddish patch below Photo by Fed Fallon Male: red crown & nape

46. Red-bellied Woodpecker Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Attracting: snags, commercial seed, suet baskets Photo by Fred Fallon Feeding: insects, seed, fruits Nesting: snags, nest boxes Eggs: white

47. Yellow-rumped Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Range: Winter residents in Florida; duller plumage in winter Description: distinctive yellow rump and white tail patches Photo by Dan Sudia

48. Yellow-rumped Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Attracting: brush piles, shrubs Photo by Dan Sudia Feeding: insects, fruit Nesting: twigs, grass, rootlets, hair Eggs: white with brown blotches

49. American Kestrel American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Range: year-round throughout Florida Photo by Davis Menke Description: rusty tail and back; black tail bands, two black face stripes Male: slate blue wings Female: wings rusty, thin black tail bands

50. American Kestrel American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Attracting: snags, nest boxes Photo by Dan Sudia Feeding: insects, rodents, reptiles, frogs Nesting: cavity-nester Eggs: white or pinkish

51. Carolina Wren Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) Range: found year-round throughout Florida Photo by Dan Sudia Description: reddish-brown above and buff below; distinct white eyebrow

52. Carolina Wren Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) Attracting: brush piles, shrubs, snags, nest boxes, seeds Photo by C.S. Robbins Feeding: insects, few seeds Nesting: cavities, brush piles, bird houses; twigs & feather lined Eggs: white with brown spots

53. Summary Bird behavior and biology Bird behavior and biology 3 elements for landscaping for birds 3 elements for landscaping for birds FOOD FOOD COVER COVER WATER WATER Backyard “bird habitat” visitors Backyard “bird habitat” visitors

54. For Further Information Visit the Florida Wildlife Extension Website at: http://www.wec.ufl.edu/extension

55. Acknowledgements Developed by: Anamari Mena and Dr. Mark Hostetler, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, IFAS, University of Florida, 2001.

56. Acknowledgements Photo & Sound Credits: D. Bryan, Michele Dunbar, Mark Hostetler, Tim McCabe, Anamari Mena, Davis Menke (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Joe Schafer, and Dan Sudia (Florida Museum of Natural History) USGS Patuxent Bird Center: Paul Conover, Deanna Dawson, Fred Fallon, Gregory Gough, Marshall Iliff, George Jameson, Pat Lynch, C.S. Robbins, Jim Stasz (also provided bird songs) http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/infocenter.html FL Museum of Natural History: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu Florida Wildflower Showcase : http://www.flwildflowers.com Florida Wildflower Showcase : http://www.flwildflowers.com