1. INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

2. Factors That Contribute To the Solid Waste Problem

3. Rapid Urbanization
Urban development
New township development
Development of housing estate
Industrial

4. Changing Lifestyle
Standard of living
Buying power

5. Consumption Patterns
Eating habits
Buying power

6. Public Indifference • People don’t care
• People believe that it’s government sole responsibility
• Propensity of the people to generate waste and just throw it anywhere
• Lack of appreciation of the importance of waste avoidance/reduction, segregation and composting
• Inefficient collection of garbage
• Non-Operation of a good disposal facility

7. Inadequate Government Policy
Leak of enforcement
No uniformity in regulations/ procedures
Different methodology used
No comprehensive laws and regulations
Leak of Disposal area

8. Spiralling Population Growth Rate
Internal migration of population
External migration of population

9. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Definition
The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in manner that is accordance with the best principles of public health, economic, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and environmental consideration.

10. ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into five elements.
Generation
Storage
Collection,
Transportation and Transfer
Treatment
Disposal

11. WHAT IS INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ?

12. Definition
The selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve specific waste management objective and goals

13. Hierarchy of ISWM
Source Reduction
Recycle
Waste Transformation
Landfilling
Monitoring and Evaluation

14. Hierarchy of ISWM Source Reduction highest rank of the ISWM
most effective way to reduce the quantity waste, costs & env. Impacts.
Involve reducing the amount and/or toxicity of the waste
May occur through the design, manufacture, packaging of products

15. Minimum volume of material Longer useful life
Cont’
minimum toxic content,
Minimum volume of material
Longer useful life
May also occur at the household, commercial, industrial facility.
Selective buying patterns & reuse of product & material.

16. Recycle Second highest rank
Cont’
Recycle
Second highest rank
Important factor in reducing the demand or resources & the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfill.
Involved
separation and collection of waste materials
Preparation of the material for Reuse, Reprocessing, remanufacture

17. Reuse, reprocessing and remanufacture of these materials

18. Cont’
Waste Transformation
Involved the physical, chemical or biological alteration
Improve the efficiency of SWM operation & systems
To recover reusable & recyclable materials
To recover conversion products & energy
Heat & biogas
Reduce use of landfill capacity

19. Landfilling For solid waste that cannot be recycle & no future use
Cont’
Landfilling
For solid waste that cannot be recycle & no future use
Residual matter remaining after separation
Residual matter remaining after recovery of combustion products / energy
Involves the controlled disposal of waste

20. WHAT IS WASTE?

21. DEFINITIONS Definition 1
Defined as wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and unwanted
Definition 2
By products of human activities. Physically it contains the same materials as are found in useful products

22. Con’t…
Definition 3
Refuse is define as putrescrible and non-putrescrible solid wastes including garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings, dead animal and industrial wastes

23. Con’t…
Definition 4
Garbage is the putrescrible animal or vegetable waste generated from the handling, preparation, consumption of food and is organic in nature

24. Con’t…
Definition 5
Ash is the residue i.e. the waste product of fuel used for industrial purposes. It is incombustible part of the fuel and is usually used for the landfilling or as a constituent in cement making.

25. Con’t…
Definition 6
Rubbish is combustible and non-combustible part of refuse like paper, rags, wood, and glass

26. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE
Five main categories of solid waste :
Municipal Solid Waste
Agriculture waste
Industrial waste
Hazardous waste
Medical waste

27. JENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWAL
Sisa Pepejal Awam.
Sisa Pepejal Import.
Sisa Pepejal Isi Rumah.
Sisa Pepejal Keinstitusian.
Sisa Pepejal Komersial. Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan.
Sisa Pepejal Perindustrian.

28. Municipal Solid Waste
mainly the household waste include commercial waste and institutional waste.
it composition depends on factors such as living standard, geographical location, type of housing and seasons.

29. Some are considered as hazardous waste
Agriculture waste
Wastes and residues resulting from diverse agricultural activities include plant residue and animal waste.
food processing waste is consider as agriculture waste
Some are considered as hazardous waste

30. Industrial waste comprises waste from industrial processes
E.g construction, fabrication, manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants
Some of these could also include hazardous waste

31. Hazardous waste
Wastes or combination of wastes that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human.
special group of wastes define by certain criteria containing substances causing hazard.
Sometimes hospital waste is also classified as hazardous waste

32. the hazard effect could be due to any or all of following:
Con’t…
the hazard effect could be due to any or all of following:
ignitability
corrosivity
reactivity
toxicity
infectivity

33. Medical Waste
Hospital waste includes hazardous and non- hazardous waste.
hazardous waste clinical waste
Non-hazardous -
Clinical wastes are any waste consist human tissue, blood or other body fluids, excretion include infectious waste.

34. Urban waste In the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid and gases
Could organic and anorganic
could divide into six types

35. Type of urban waste household wastes city wastes commercial wastes
industrial wastes
liquid waste
gaseous wastes

36. Household wastes
consist of wastes generated in the preparation of food
mainly garbage, fuel, residue, house sweeping, household discard, garden wastes and animal dung.

37. City wastes derived from street cleaning, park, school.
consist mainly paper, dry leaves, animal dung, etc.

38. commercial wastes from office, shops and markets, restaurants, hotel
include high proportion of paper, cardboard, wood, food waste ,glass and plastic.
Hospital waste some time include in commercial wastes.

39. Industrial wastes
from the manufacturing and the processing industries, construction .
proposition of wastes depending on the type of industry.
include metal ores, wood, lime, tiles, food waste, special waste and hazardous wastes.

40. Liquid waste include mainly domestic sewage and factory effluents.
could be organic and inorganic liquid.
e.g.
Agro wastes
chemical factory

41. gaseous wastes
could be from exhaust fume of factories, incinerator and chimney discharges.

42. Sources of solid wastes
domestic or residential
municipal services
commercial
Institutional
construction and demolition
treatment plant site
industrial
agricultural

43. Domestic or residential
Type of Solid Waste
Domestic or residential
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid waste
Source
Residential
Single family & multifamily detached dwelling,
Low, medium & high-rise apartment, etc.
Food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, textile, leather, yard waste, wood, glass, tin, cans, aluminum, other metal, ash, street leaves, special waste, household hazardous waste.
Special waste:
Bulky items, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes collected separately, batteries, oil and tires.

44. Commercial Facilities, activities /location Type of solid waste Source
Stores, restaurants, markets, hotel, motel, print shop, service station, auto repair shop.
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.

45. Institutional Facilities, activities /location Type of solid waste
Source
Institutional
Schools, hospitals, prisons, governmental centers.
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.

46. Construction and Demolition
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid waste
Source
Construction and demolition
New construction sites, road repair/renovation sites, razing or building, broken pavement.
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.

47. Municipal Services Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid waste
Source
Municipal service
(Excluding treatment facilities)
Street cleaning, landscaping, catch basin cleaning parks and beaches, other recreational areas.
Special waste, rubbish, street sweepings, landscape and tree trimmings, catch basin debris, general waste from parks, beaches and recreational areas.

48. Treatment plant sites Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid waste
Source
Treatment plant sites;
Municipal incinerators
Water, waster water and industrial treatment processes, etc.
Treatment plant wastes, principally composed of residual sludges.

49. Municipal Solid Waste Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid waste
Source
Municipal solid waste
All as above
All as above

50. Industrial Facilities, activities /location Type of solid waste Source
Construction, fabrication, ligh & heavy manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, power plants, demolition, etc.
Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, etc.
Non-industrial wastes including food wastes, rubbish, ashes, demolition & construction wastes, special wastes, hazardous waste.

51. Agricultural Facilities, activities /location Type of solid waste
Source
Agricultural
Field and row crops, orchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farm, etc.
Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes.

52. THANK YOU