1. Inductors
Chap 11

2. Magnetic fields
A magnetic field may be represented by a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field
Magnetic fields are produced by moving electric charges and the intrinsic magnetic moments of elementary particles 
Electromagnetism
Magnetic field of an ideal cylindrical magnet with its axis of symmetry inside the image plane.
Compasses reveal the direction of the local magnetic field.

3. Magnetic fields

4. Magnetic fields

5. Magnetic fields
The magnetic flux is measured in webers (Wb) and the applied symbol is the capital Greek letter phi Φ
Flux density

6. Example For the core determine the flux density B in teslas.
if the flux density is 1.2 T and the area is 0.25 in^2 , determine the flux through the core.
However, converting 0.25 in.2 to metric units,

7. Inductors
Inductors are coils of various dimensions designed to introduce specified amounts of inductance into a circuit.
The inductance of a coil varies directly with the magnetic properties of the coil.
Ferromagnetic materials, are frequently employed to increase the inductance by increasing the flux linking the coil.
Inductance is measured in Henries (H)
1 Henry is the inductance level that will establish a voltage of 1 volt across the coil

8. Inductors
An inductor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field.
An inductor is typically made of a wire or other conductor wound into a coil, to increase the magnetic field.
When the current flowing through an inductor changes, creating a time-varying magnetic field inside the coil, a voltage is induced, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
 Inductors are one of the basic components used in electronics where current and voltage change with time, due to the ability of inductors to delay and reshape alternating currents.

9. Inductors
Inductor symbols

10. FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field so that it cuts magnetic lines of flux, a voltage will be induced across the conductor
The greater the number of flux lines cut per unit Time or the stronger the magnetic field strength, the greater will be the induced voltage across the conductor.
Equation for voltage induced across a coil if a coil of N turns is placed in the region of a changing flux
Increase the number of magnetic flux lines by increasing the speed with which the conductor passes through the field

11. Faraday’s law induced voltage equation
N = number of turns of the coil
= is the instantaneous change in flux (in webers)
If the flux linking the coil ceases to change
&
Equation for inductance of the coils
N = number of turns
µ = permeability of the core
A = area of the core
in square meters
l = the mean length of the core in meters.
µ is not a constant but
depends on the level of B and H, since µ = B/H

12. Substituting µ = µr µo into Equation we get
Lo is the inductance of the coil with an air core

13. Example 11.1
For the air-core coil
Find the inductance

14. Example 11.1 cont’
b) Find the inductance if a metallic core with µr = 2000 is inserted in the coil

15. Use equation for inductance of the coils
In class exercise 1
Use equation for inductance of the coils
Find the inductance of the air-core coil L

16. In class exercise 1 part2
Repeat In class exercise 1 , but with an iron core and conditions such that µr = 2000.
Use equation

17. We found in part 1 that Lo = 1.58 µH, so
In class exercise 1 part2
Repeat In class exercise 1 , but with an iron core and conditions such that µr = 2000.
We found in part 1 that Lo = 1.58 µH, so

18. Example 11.2
If each inductor in the left column is changed to the type appearing in the right column, find the new induced level for each change, assume that the other factors remain the same.
(a)
The only change was the number of turns, but it is a square factor, resulting in
L =
The area is 3 times the original size increasing the inductance by a factor of 3. The number of turns is ½, which is reduced by (½ )^2 = ¼ .

19. Example 11.2 cont’
= 43.2 mH
µ and the number of turns increased have increased, the increased length reduces inductance

20. Relative size of different types of inductors

21. Types of Inductors
Inductors like Capacitor can be fixed or variable

22. Equivalent circuit for the inductor

23. Typical areas of application for inductive elements

24. HW
Problem# 1, 3, 5 & 7